perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you’re looking for.
SYNOPSIS
Overview Tutorials Reference Manual Internals and C Language Interface Miscellaneous Language-Specific Platform-Specific DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS BUGS NOTES
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl? Running Perl programs Basic syntax overview Perl variable types Scalars, Arrays, Hashes Variable scoping Conditional and looping constructs if, while, for, foreach Builtin operators and functions Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous Files and I/O Regular expressions Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features Writing subroutines OO Perl Using Perl modules AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? The Solution Syntax
Making References Using References An Example Arrow Rule Solution The Rest Summary Credits
Distribution Conditions
DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs REFERENCES COMMON MISTAKES CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict DEBUGGING CODE EXAMPLES ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS HASHES OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS ARRAYS OF HASHES
Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES Generation of a HASH OF HASHES Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Database Ties SEE ALSO AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays Growing Your Own Access and Printing Slices SEE ALSO AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION The Guide
Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions More matching Search and replace The split operator BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
DESCRIPTION Part 1: The basics
Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions Building a regexp Using regular expressions in Perl Part 2: Power tools
More on characters, strings, and character classes Compiling and saving regular expressions Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression Non-capturing groupings Looking ahead and looking behind Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking Conditional expressions A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression Pragmas and debugging BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
DESCRIPTION
If we could talk to the animals... Introducing the method invocation arrow Invoking a barnyard The extra parameter of method invocation Calling a second method to simplify things Inheriting the windpipes A few notes about @ISA Overriding the methods Starting the search from a different place The SUPER way of doing things Where we’re at so far... A horse is a horse, of course of course — or is it? Invoking an instance method Accessing the instance data How to build a horse Inheriting the constructor Making a method work with either classes or instances Adding parameters to a method More interesting instances A horse of a different color Summary SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION Creating a Class
Object Representation Class Interface Constructors and Instance Methods Planning for the Future: Better Constructors Destructors Other Object Methods Class Data
Accessing Class Data Debugging Methods Class Destructors Documenting the Interface Aggregation Inheritance
Overridden Methods Multiple Inheritance UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects Closures as Objects AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct Data Members as Variables NOTES
Object Terminology SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
DESCRIPTION Class Data in a Can Class Data as Package Variables
Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket Inheritance Concerns The Eponymous Meta-Object Indirect References to Class Data Monadic Classes Translucent Attributes Class Data as Lexical Variables
Privacy and Responsibility File-Scoped Lexicals More Inheritance Concerns Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key Translucency Revisited NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HISTORY
DESCRIPTION OO SCALING TIPS INSTANCE VARIABLES SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM THINKING OF CODE REUSE CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR DELEGATION SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
The sheet ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps C/C++ Traps Sed Traps Shell Traps Perl Traps Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) Context Traps - scalar, list contexts (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won’t let you specify a filehandle OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation DBM Traps DBM, DBM Unclassified Traps require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with LIMIT specified
DESCRIPTION use strict Looking at data and -w and v help Stepping through code Placeholder for a, w, t, T REGULAR EXPRESSIONS OUTPUT TIPS CGI GUIs SUMMARY SEE ALSO AUTHOR CONTRIBUTORS
DESCRIPTION
Where to get the perlfaq How to contribute to the perlfaq What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors Credits Author and Copyright Information
Bundled Distributions Disclaimer Table of Contents perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking The Questions
perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl perlfaq3: Programming Tools perlfaq4: Data Manipulation perlfaq5: Files and Formats perlfaq6: Regular Expressions perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues perlfaq8: System Interaction perlfaq9: Networking
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl? Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? Which version of Perl should I use? What are perl4 and perl5? What is Ponie? What is perl6? How stable is Perl? Is Perl difficult to learn? How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? Can I do [task] in Perl? When shouldn’t I program in Perl? What’s the difference between ‘‘perl’’ and ‘‘Perl’’? Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? What is a JAPH? Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? How can I get a binary version of Perl? I don’t have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don’t work. I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? Where can I get information on Perl? What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? Where should I post source code? Perl Books References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics Perl in Magazines Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access What mailing lists are there for Perl? Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? Where do I send bug reports? What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)? How can I use Perl interactively? Is there a Perl shell? How do I find which modules are installed on my system? How do I debug my Perl programs? How do I profile my Perl programs? How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? Is there a ctags for Perl? Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha Where can I get Perl macros for vi? Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? How can I use curses with Perl? How can I use X or Tk with Perl? How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? How can I make my Perl program run faster? How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don’t slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? How can I make my CGI script more efficient? How can I hide the source for my Perl program? How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? How can I compile Perl into Java? How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? Why don’t Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] I’ve read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can’t embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? What’s MakeMaker? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION Data: Numbers
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why is int() broken? Why isn’t my octal data interpreted correctly? Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary Why doesn’t & work the way I want it to? How do I multiply matrices? How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? How can I output Roman numerals? Why aren’t my random numbers random? How do I get a random number between X and Y? Data: Dates
How do I find the day or week of the year? How do I find the current century or millennium? How can I compare two dates and find the difference? How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? How can I find the Julian Day? How do I find yesterday’s date? Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? Data: Strings
How do I validate input? How do I unescape a string? How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? How do I expand function calls in a string? How do I find matching/nesting anything? How do I reverse a string? How do I expand tabs in a string? How do I reformat a paragraph? How can I access or change N characters of a string? How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? How do I capitalize all the words on one line? How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? How do I extract selected columns from a string? How do I find the soundex value of a string? How can I expand variables in text strings? What’s wrong with always quoting ‘‘$vars’’? Why don’t my <<HERE documents work? There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, You can’t (easily) have any space in front of the tag Data: Arrays
What is the difference between a list and an array? What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? How do I handle linked lists? How do I handle circular lists? How do I shuffle an array randomly? How do I process/modify each element of an array? How do I select a random element from an array? How do I permute N elements of a list? How do I sort an array by (anything)? How do I manipulate arrays of bits? Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash? What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? How do I look up a hash element by value? How can I know how many entries are in a hash? How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? How can I always keep my hash sorted? What’s the difference between ‘‘delete’’ and ‘‘undef’’ with hashes? Why don’t my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? How can I use a reference as a hash key? Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly? How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? How do I keep persistent data across program calls? How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? How do I define methods for every class/object? How do I verify a credit card checksum? How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? How do I count the number of lines in a file? How can I use Perl’s -i option from within a program? How do I make a temporary file name? How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? How can I use a filehandle indirectly? How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? How can I write() into a string? How can I output my numbers with commas added? How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? Why do I sometimes get an ‘‘Argument list too long’’ when I use <*>? Is there a leak/bug in glob()? How can I open a file with a leading ‘‘>’’ or trailing blanks? How can I reliably rename a file? How can I lock a file? Why can’t I just open(FH, ‘‘>file.lock’’)? I still don’t get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? How do I randomly update a binary file? How do I get a file’s timestamp in perl? How do I set a file’s timestamp in perl? How do I print to more than one file at once? How can I read in an entire file all at once? How can I read in a file by paragraphs? How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? How can I tell whether there’s a character waiting on a filehandle? How do I do a tail -f in perl? How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? How do I close a file descriptor by number? Why can’t I use ‘‘C:\temp\foo’’ in DOS paths? Why doesn’t ‘C:\temp\foo.exe‘ work? Why doesn’t glob(‘‘*.*’’) get all the files? Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn’t this a bug in Perl? How do I select a random line from a file? Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters I’m having trouble matching over more than one line. What’s wrong? How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn’t work. What’s wrong? How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? How can I make \w match national character sets? How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/? How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? What is /o really for? How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? How do I process each word on each line? How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? How can I do approximate matching? How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? Why don’t word-boundary searches with \b work for me? Why does using $&, $‘, or $’ slow my program down? What good is \G in a regular expression? Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? What’s wrong with using grep in a void context? How can I match strings with multibyte characters? How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? How do I skip some return values? How do I temporarily block warnings? What’s an extension? Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? How do I declare/create a structure? How do I create a module? How do I create a class? How can I tell if a variable is tainted? What’s a closure? What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods How do I create a static variable? What’s the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? What’s the difference between deep and shallow binding? Why doesn’t ‘‘my($foo) = <FILE>;’’ work right? How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? What’s the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? How do I create a switch or case statement? How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods? Why can’t a method included in this same file be found? How can I find out my current package? How can I comment out a large block of perl code? How do I clear a package? How can I use a variable as a variable name? What does ‘‘bad interpreter’’ mean? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
How do I find out which operating system I’m running under? How come exec() doesn’t return? How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse How do I print something out in color? How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? How do I clear the screen? How do I get the screen size? How do I ask the user for a password? How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input How do I decode encrypted password files? How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies How do I trap control characters/signals? How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? How do I set the time and date? How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? How can I measure time under a second? How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) Why doesn’t my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message ‘‘Protocol not supported’’ mean? How can I call my system’s unique C functions from Perl? Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? Why can’t I get the output of a command with system()? How can I capture STDERR from an external command? Why doesn’t open() return an error when a pipe open fails? What’s wrong with using backticks in a void context? How can I call backticks without shell processing? Why can’t my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? How can I convert my shell script to perl? Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? How can I write expect in Perl? Is there a way to hide perl’s command line from programs such as ‘‘ps’’? I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix How do I close a process’s filehandle without waiting for it to complete? How do I fork a daemon process? How do I find out if I’m running interactively or not? How do I timeout a slow event? How do I set CPU limits? How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? How do I use an SQL database? How do I make a system() exit on control-C? How do I open a file without blocking? How do I install a module from CPAN? What’s the difference between require and use? How do I keep my own module/library directory? How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? What is socket.ph and where do I get it? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? How do I remove HTML from a string? How do I extract URLs? How do I download a file from the user’s machine? How do I open a file on another machine? How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? How do I fetch an HTML file? How do I automate an HTML form submission? How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? How do I redirect to another page? How do I put a password on my web pages? How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? How do I make sure users can’t enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? How do I parse a mail header? How do I decode a CGI form? How do I check a valid mail address? How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? How do I return the user’s mail address? How do I send mail? How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? How do I read mail? How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? How do I fetch/put an FTP file? How can I do RPC in Perl? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
Declarations Comments Simple Statements Truth and Falsehood Statement Modifiers Compound Statements Loop Control For Loops Foreach Loops Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements Goto PODs: Embedded Documentation Plain Old Comments (Not!)
DESCRIPTION
Variable names Context Scalar values Scalar value constructors List value constructors Subscripts Slices Typeglobs and Filehandles SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Operator Precedence and Associativity Terms and List Operators (Leftward) The Arrow Operator Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Exponentiation Symbolic Unary Operators Binding Operators Multiplicative Operators Additive Operators Shift Operators Named Unary Operators Relational Operators Equality Operators Bitwise And Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or C-style Logical And C-style Logical Or Range Operators Conditional Operator Assignment Operators Comma Operator List Operators (Rightward) Logical Not Logical And Logical or and Exclusive Or C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE) Quote and Quote-like Operators Regexp Quote-Like Operators ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, ’STRING’, qq/STRING/, STRING, qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, ‘STRING‘, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF Gory details of parsing quoted constructs Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, <<’EOF’, m’’, s’’’, tr///, y///, ’’, q//, "", ‘‘, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions I/O Operators Constant Folding Bitwise String Operators Integer Arithmetic Floating-point Arithmetic Bigger Numbers
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my() Persistent Private Variables Temporary Values via local() Lvalue subroutines Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) When to Still Use local() Pass by Reference Prototypes Constant Functions Overriding Built-in Functions Autoloading Subroutine Attributes SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5 Portability Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
DESCRIPTION Open A\k:` la shell
Simple Opens Indirect Filehandles Pipe Opens The Minus File Mixing Reads and Writes Filters Open A\k:` la C
Permissions A\k:` la mode Obscure Open Tricks
Re-Opening Files (dups) Dispelling the Dweomer Paths as Opens Single Argument Open Playing with STDIN and STDOUT Other I/O Issues
Opening Non-File Files Opening Named Pipes Opening Sockets Binary Files File Locking IO Layers SEE ALSO AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT HISTORY
DESCRIPTION The Basic Principle Packing Text Packing Numbers
Integers Unpacking a Stack Frame How to Eat an Egg on a Net Floating point Numbers Exotic Templates
Bit Strings Uuencoding Doing Sums Unicode Another Portable Binary Encoding Template Grouping Lengths and Widths
String Lengths Dynamic Templates Counting Repetitions Packing and Unpacking C Structures
The Alignment Pit Alignment, Take 2 Alignment, Take 3 Pointers for How to Use Them Pack Recipes Funnies Section Authors
DESCRIPTION
Ordinary Paragraph Verbatim Paragraph Command Paragraph =head1 Heading Text, =head2 Heading Text, =head3 Heading Text, =head4 Heading Text, =over indentlevel, =item stuff..., =back, =cut, =pod, =begin formatname, =end formatname, =for formatname text..., =encoding encodingname Formatting Codes I<text> — italic text, B<text> — bold text, C<code> — code text, L<name> — a hyperlink, E<escape> — a character escape, F<filename> — used for filenames, S<text> — text contains non-breaking spaces, X<topic name> — an index entry, Z<> — a null (zero-effect) formatting code The Intent Embedding Pods in Perl Modules Hints for Writing Pod SEE ALSO AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION Pod Definitions Pod Commands =head1, =head2, =head3, =head4, =pod, =cut, =over, =item, =back, =begin formatname, =end formatname, =for formatname text..., =encoding encodingname Pod Formatting Codes I<text> — italic text, B<text> — bold text, C<code> — code text, F<filename> — style for filenames, X<topic name> — an index entry, Z<> — a null (zero-effect) formatting code, L<name> — a hyperlink, E<escape> — a character escape, S<text> — text contains non-breaking spaces Notes on Implementing Pod Processors About L<...> Codes First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: About =over...=back Regions About Data Paragraphs and ‘‘=begin/=end’’ Regions SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS Location of Perl Command Switches -0[octal/hexadecimal], -a, -C [number/list], -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]’module ...’, -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -t, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x, -x directory ENVIRONMENT HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
Default Warnings and Optional Warnings What’s wrong with -w and $^W Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -w, -W, -X Backward Compatibility Category Hierarchy Fatal Warnings Reporting Warnings from a Module TODO SEE ALSO AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage] Configurable Options recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, windowSize, arrayDepth, hashDepth, dumpDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, DumpReused, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing Debugging compile-time statements Debugger Customization Readline Support Editor Support for Debugging The Perl Profiler Debugging regular expressions Debugging memory usage SEE ALSO BUGS
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $‘, $POSTMATCH, $’, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $‘ is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[0]), $& is the same as substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $’ is the same as substr($var, $+[0]), $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), $2 is the same as substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), $3 is the same as substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} Error Indicators Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names BUGS
DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit Extended Patterns (?#text), (?imsx-imsx), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern), (?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?<=pattern), (?<!pattern), (?{ code }), (??{ code }), (?>pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern) Backtracking Version 8 Regular Expressions Warning on \1 vs $1 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring Combining pieces together ST, S|T, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?, S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?>S), (?=S), (?<=S), (?!S), (?<!S), (??{ EXPR }), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) Creating custom RE engines BUGS SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
OPERATORS SYNTAX ESCAPE SEQUENCES CHARACTER CLASSES ANCHORS QUANTIFIERS EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS VARIABLES FUNCTIONS TERMINOLOGY AUTHOR SEE ALSO THANKS
NOTE DESCRIPTION
Making References Using References Symbolic references Not-so-symbolic references Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash Function Templates WARNING SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Text Fields Numeric Fields The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text Specifying Values Using Fill Mode Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void Repeating Format Lines Top of Form Processing Format Variables NOTES
Footers Accessing Formatting Internals WARNINGS
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference A Class is Simply a Package A Method is Simply a Subroutine Method Invocation Indirect Object Syntax Default UNIVERSAL methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) Destructors Summary Two-Phased Garbage Collection SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this UNTIE this The untie Gotcha SEE ALSO BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter An Example — the NULL termination problem. Another Example — Key is a C int. SEE ALSO AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION Signals
Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons Named Pipes
Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as faults, Signals triggered by operating system state Using open() for IPC
Filehandles Background Processes Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent Safe Pipe Opens Bidirectional Communication with Another Process Bidirectional Communication with Yourself Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet Line Terminators Internet TCP Clients and Servers Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort A Webget Client Interactive Client with IO::Socket TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse UDP: Message Passing SysV IPC NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets Resource limits Killing the parent process Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Storing numbers Numeric operators and numeric conversions Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during use integer, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during use integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string AUTHOR SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Status What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline What kind of threads are Perl threads? Thread-Safe Modules Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support A Note about the Examples Creating Threads Waiting For A Thread To Exit Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfalls: Races Synchronization and control
Controlling access: lock() A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores Advanced Semaphores cond_wait() and cond_signal() Giving up control General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Different implementations of threads Performance considerations Process-scope Changes Thread-Safety of System Libraries Conclusion Bibliography
Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights
DESCRIPTION What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline Native threads What kind of threads are perl threads? Threadsafe Modules Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support Creating Threads Giving up control Waiting For A Thread To Exit Errors In Threads Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfall: Races Controlling access: lock() Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Threads And Code
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines Subroutine Locks Methods Locking A Subroutine General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Conclusion Bibliography
Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights
DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable ISSUES
Newlines Numbers endianness and Width Files and Filesystems System Interaction Command names versus file pathnames Networking Interprocess Communication (IPC) External Subroutines (XS) Standard Modules Time and Date Character sets and character encoding Internationalisation System Resources Security Style CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ PLATFORMS
Unix DOS and Derivatives Mac OS VMS VOS EBCDIC Platforms Acorn RISC OS Other perls FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 Supported Platforms SEE ALSO AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
DESCRIPTION PREPARING TO USE LOCALES USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma The setlocale function Finding locales LOCALE PROBLEMS Temporarily fixing locale problems Permanently fixing locale problems Permanently fixing your system’s locale configuration Fixing system locale configuration The localeconv function I18N::Langinfo LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts LC_TIME Other categories SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG NOTES
Backward compatibility I18N:Collate obsolete Sort speed and memory use impacts write() and LC_NUMERIC Freely available locale definitions I18n and l10n An imperfect standard Unicode and UTF-8 BUGS
Broken systems SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION
Unicode Perl’s Unicode Support Perl’s Unicode Model Unicode and EBCDIC Creating Unicode Handling Unicode Legacy Encodings Unicode I/O Displaying Unicode As Text Special Cases Advanced Topics Miscellaneous Questions With Answers Hexadecimal Notation Further Resources UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS SEE ALSO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
DESCRIPTION
Important Caveats Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, use utf8 still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts autodetected, use encoding needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings Byte and Character Semantics Effects of Character Semantics Scripts Blocks User-Defined Character Properties Character Encodings for Input and Output Unicode Regular Expression Support Level Unicode Encodings Security Implications of Unicode Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC Locales When Unicode Does Not Happen Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) Using Unicode in XS BUGS
Interaction with Locales Interaction with Extensions Speed Porting code from perl-5.6.X SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
ASCII ISO 8859 Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) EBCDIC 13 variant characters 0037 1047 POSIX-BC Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC Unicode and UTF Using Encode SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS CONVERSIONS
tr/// iconv C RTL OPERATOR DIFFERENCES FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES SOCKETS SORTING
Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. MONO CASE then sort data. Convert, sort data, then re convert. Perform sorting on one type of machine only. TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
URL decoding and encoding uu encoding and decoding Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding Caesarian ciphers Hashing order and checksums I18N AND L10N MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS OS ISSUES
OS/400 PASE, IFS access OS/390, z/OS chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales VM/ESA? POSIX-BC? BUGS SEE ALSO REFERENCES HISTORY AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data Switches On the ‘‘#!’’ Line Taint mode and @INC Cleaning Up Your Path Security Bugs Protecting Your Programs Unicode Algorithmic Complexity Attacks SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Packages Symbol Tables BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END Perl Classes Perl Modules Making your module threadsafe SEE ALSO
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register Standard Modules AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader Extension Modules CPAN
Africa South Africa Asia China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand Central America Costa Rica Europe Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom North America Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin Oceania Australia, New Zealand, United States South America Argentina, Brazil, Chile RSYNC Mirrors Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules Guidelines for Reusing Application Code NOTE
INTRODUCTION QUICK CHECKLIST
Before you start The API Stability Documentation Release considerations BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
Has it been done before? Do one thing and do it well What’s in a name? DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
To OO or not to OO? Designing your API Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing Strictness and warnings Backwards compatibility Error handling and messages DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
POD README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
Version numbering Pre-requisites Testing Packaging Licensing COMMON PITFALLS
Reinventing the wheel Trying to do too much Inappropriate documentation SEE ALSO perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module PORTABILITY HEY AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
Warning What should I make into a module? Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it’s new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again Step-by-step: Making the module Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! AUTHOR SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
DOCUMENTATION perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall CONVERTORS a2p, s2p, find2perl Administration libnetcfg Development perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref Using The Back Ends
The Cross Referencing Back End i, &, s, r The Decompiling Back End The Lint Back End The Simple C Back End The Bytecode Back End The Optimized C Back End Module List for the Compiler Suite B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref KNOWN PROBLEMS AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION CONCEPTS USING FILTERS WRITING A SOURCE FILTER WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C Decryption Filters CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER CONCLUSION THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR Some Filters Clobber the DATA Handle REQUIREMENTS AUTHOR Copyrights
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C? ROADMAP Compiling your C program Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program Maintaining a persistent interpreter Execution of END blocks Maintaining multiple interpreter instances Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program Embedding Perl under Win32 Hiding Perl_ MORAL AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION Debugger Internals
Writing Your Own Debugger Frame Listing Output Examples Debugging regular expressions
Compile-time output anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval, anchored(TYPE) Types of nodes Run-time output Debugging Perl memory usage
Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS} buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144 Example of using -DL switch 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704 -DL details !!!, !!, ! Limitations of -DL statistics SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION SPECIAL NOTES
make Version caveat Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading TUTORIAL
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 What has gone on? Writing good test scripts EXAMPLE 3 What’s new here? Input and Output Parameters The XSUBPP Program The TYPEMAP file Warning about Output Arguments EXAMPLE 4 What has happened here? Anatomy of .xs file Getting the fat out of XSUBs More about XSUB arguments The Argument Stack Extending your Extension Documenting your Extension Installing your Extension EXAMPLE 5 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 6 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes Troubleshooting these Examples See also Author
Last Changed
DESCRIPTION
Introduction On The Road The Anatomy of an XSUB The Argument Stack The RETVAL Variable Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL The MODULE Keyword The PACKAGE Keyword The PREFIX Keyword The OUTPUT: Keyword The NO_OUTPUT Keyword The CODE: Keyword The INIT: Keyword The NO_INIT Keyword Initializing Function Parameters Default Parameter Values The PREINIT: Keyword The SCOPE: Keyword The INPUT: Keyword The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords The length(NAME) Keyword Variable-length Parameter Lists The C_ARGS: Keyword The PPCODE: Keyword Returning Undef And Empty Lists The REQUIRE: Keyword The CLEANUP: Keyword The POSTCALL: Keyword The BOOT: Keyword The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword The PROTOTYPES: Keyword The PROTOTYPE: Keyword The ALIAS: Keyword The OVERLOAD: Keyword The FALLBACK: Keyword The INTERFACE: Keyword The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword The INCLUDE: Keyword The CASE: Keyword The & Unary Operator Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives Using XS With C++ Interface Strategy Perl Objects And C Structures The Typemap Safely Storing Static Data in XS MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT EXAMPLES XS VERSION AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Conventions t, p, n, s File Operations File Input and Output File Positioning Memory Management and String Handling Character Class Tests stdlib.h functions Miscellaneous functions SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Variables
Datatypes What is an ‘‘IV’’? Working with SVs Offsets What’s Really Stored in an SV? Working with AVs Working with HVs Hash API Extensions AVs, HVs and undefined values References Blessed References and Class Objects Creating New Variables GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN Reference Counts and Mortality Stashes and Globs Double-Typed SVs Magic Variables Assigning Magic Magic Virtual Tables Finding Magic Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays Localizing changes SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr) Subroutines
XSUBs and the Argument Stack Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs Memory Allocation PerlIO Putting a C value on Perl stack Scratchpads Scratchpads and recursion Compiled code
Code tree Examining the tree Compile pass 1: check routines Compile pass 1a: constant folding Compile pass 2: context propagation Compile pass 3: peephole optimization Pluggable runops Examining internal data structures with the dump functions How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT So what happened to dTHR? How do I use all this in extensions? Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer Source Documentation Unicode Support
What is Unicode, anyway? How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? How do I convert a string to UTF-8? Is there anything else I need to know? Custom Operators AUTHORS SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv FLAG VALUES
G_VOID G_SCALAR G_ARRAY G_DISCARD G_NOARGS G_EVAL G_KEEPERR Determining the Context KNOWN PROBLEMS EXAMPLES
No Parameters, Nothing returned Passing Parameters Returning a Scalar Returning a list of values Returning a list in a scalar context Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list Using G_EVAL Using G_KEEPERR Using call_sv Using call_argv Using call_method Using GIMME_V Using Perl to dispose of temporaries Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback Alternate Stack Manipulation Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C SEE ALSO AUTHOR DATE
DESCRIPTION ‘‘Gimme’’ Values GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID Array Manipulation Functions AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, get_av, newAV, sortsv Callback Functions call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS Character classes isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER Cloning an interpreter perl_clone CV Manipulation Functions CvSTASH, get_cv Embedding Functions cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv Functions in file pp_pack.c packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str Global Variables PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes GV Functions GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv Handy Values Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv Hash Manipulation Functions get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV Magical Functions mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK Memory Management Copy, Move, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero Miscellaneous Functions fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking Numeric functions grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct Optree Manipulation Functions cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS Pad Data Structures pad_sv Stack Manipulation Macros dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu, mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES SV Flags svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG SV Manipulation Functions get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn Unicode Support bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK Warning and Dieing croak, warn AUTHORS SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE CvWEAKOUTSIDE Functions in file pad.h CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV Functions in file pp_ctl.c find_runcv Global Variables PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs GV Functions is_gv_magical IO Functions start_glob Pad Data Structures CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef Stack Manipulation Macros djSP, LVRET SV Manipulation Functions report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas AUTHORS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
History and Background Basic Structure Layers vs Disciplines Data Structures Functions and Attributes Per-instance Data Layers in action. Per-instance flag bits PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS Methods in Detail fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt Utilities Implementing PerlIO Layers C implementations, Perl implementations Core Layers unix, perlio, stdio, crlf, mmap, pending, raw, utf8 Extension Layers :encoding, :scalar, :via TODO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)
Co-existence with stdio PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f) ‘‘Fast gets’’ Functions PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f) Other Functions PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), ’<’ read, ’>’ write, ’+’ read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
Keeping in sync rsync’ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync’ing the patches Why rsync the source tree It’s easier to rsync the source tree, It’s more reliable Why rsync the patches It’s easier to rsync the patches, It’s a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour Working with the source Perlbug administration Submitting patches perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running Internal Variable Types Op Trees Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack Millions of Macros The .i Targets Poking at Perl Using a source-level debugger run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, ’enter’, print gdb macro support Dumping Perl Data Structures Patching Patching a core module Adding a new function to the core Writing a test t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/x2p, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib Special Make Test Targets coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, test_harness Running tests by hand PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
Rational Software’s Purify Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize=’-g’, -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity Purify on NT DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug valgrind Compaq’s/Digital’s/HP’s Third Degree PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL Profiling Gprof Profiling -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z GCC gcov Profiling Pixie Profiling -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero] Miscellaneous tricks CONCLUSION The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began. AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION To do during 5.6.x
Support for I/O disciplines Autoload bytes.pm Make ‘‘\u{XXXX}’’ et al work Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) Overloadable regex assertions Unicode Work out exit/die semantics for threads Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth Typed lexicals for compiler Compiler workarounds for Win32 AUTOLOADing in the compiler Fixing comppadlist when compiling Cleaning up exported namespace Complete signal handling Out-of-source builds POSIX realtime support UNIX98 support IPv6 Support Long double conversion Locales Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals POSIX Unicode character classes Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) Security audit shipped utilities Sort out the uid-setting mess Custom opcodes DLL Versioning Introduce @( and @) Floating point handling IV/UV preservation Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser Automate module testing on CPAN sendmsg and recvmsg Rewrite perlre documentation Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles Document Win32 choices Check new modules Make roffitall find pods and libs itself To do at some point
Remove regular expression recursion Memory leaks after failed eval bitfields in pack Cross compilation Perl preprocessor / macros Perl lexer in Perl Using POSIX calls internally -i rename file when changed All ARGV input should act like <> Support for rerunning debugger Test Suite for the Debugger my sub foo { } One-pass global destruction Rewrite regexp parser Cache recently used regexps Cross-compilation support Bit-shifting bitvectors debugger pragma use less pragma switch structures Cache eval tree rcatmaybe Shrink opcode tables Optimize away @_ Prototypes versus indirect objects Install HTML Prototype method calls Return context prototype declarations magic_setisa Garbage collection IO tutorial Rewrite perldoc Install .3p manpages Unicode tutorial Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 Retargetable installation POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems Rename Win32 headers Finish off lvalue functions Update sprintf documentation Use fchown/fchmod internally Make v-strings overloaded objects Allow restricted hash assignment Should overload be inheritable? Taint rethink Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via goto(LABEL) and friends Vague ideas
ref() in list context Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context Compile to real threaded code Structured types Modifiable $1 et al. Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. RPC modules Attach/detach debugger from running program GUI::Native foreach(reverse ...) Constant function cache Approximate regular expression matching Ongoing
Update guts documentation Add more tests Update auxiliary tools Create debugging macros truncate to the people Unicode in Filenames Unicode in %ENV Recently done things
Alternative RE syntax module Safe signal handling Tie Modules gettimeofday setitimer and getimiter Testing __DIE__ hook CPP equivalent in Perl Explicit switch statements autocroak UTF/EBCDIC UTF Regexes perlcc to produce executable END blocks saved in compiled output Secure temporary file module Integrate Time::HiRes Turn Cwd into XS Mmap for input Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion Add sockatmark support Mailing list archives Bug tracking Integrate MacPerl Web ‘‘nerve center’’ for Perl Regular expression tutorial Debugging Tutorial Integrate new modules Integrate profiler Y2K error detection Regular expression debugger POD checker ‘‘Dynamic’’ lexicals Cache precompiled modules Deprecated Wishes
Loop control on do{} Lexically scoped typeglobs format BOTTOM report HANDLE Generalised want()/caller()) Named prototypes Built-in globbing Regression tests for suidperl Cached hash values Add compression modules Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references Remove distinction between functions and operators Make XS easier to use Make embedding easier to use man for perl my $Package::variable ‘‘or’’ tests defined, not truth ‘‘class’’-based lexicals byteperl Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal Make ‘‘use utf8’’ the default Unicode collation and normalization pack/unpack tutorial
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -h, -v, -t, -u, -m module, -l, -F, -f perlfunc, -q perlfaq-search-regexp, -T, -d destination-filename, -o output-formatname, -M module-name, -w option:value or -w option, -X, PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName, -n some-formatter, -r, -i, -V SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
PUMPKIN? THE RECORDS
SELECTED RELEASE SIZES SELECTED PATCH SIZES THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements
Malloc wrapping Unicode Character Database 4.0.1 suidperl less insecure format Modules and Pragmata
Updated modules Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8 Performance Enhancements Utility Changes Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Future Directions Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes
Perl’s debugger h2ph New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements
Malloc wrapping Unicode Character Database 4.0.1 suidperl less insecure format Modules and Pragmata
Updated modules Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8 Performance Enhancements Utility Changes Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Future Directions Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Configuration and Building Platform Specific Problems Known Problems Future Directions Obituary Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements
Hash Randomisation Threading Modules and Pragmata
Updated Modules And Pragmata Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL Selected Bug Fixes Changed Internals Platform Specific Problems Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes
Hash Randomisation UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before ‘‘=>’’ (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe Core Enhancements
UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales Unsafe signals again available Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices local ${$x} Unicode Character Database 4.0.0 Deprecation Warnings Miscellaneous Enhancements Modules and Pragmata
Updated Modules And Pragmata base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements
Platform-specific enhancements Selected Bug Fixes
Closures, eval and lexicals Generic fixes Platform-specific fixes New or Changed Diagnostics
Changed ‘‘A thread exited while %d threads were running’’ Removed ‘‘Attempt to clear a restricted hash’’ New ‘‘Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine’’ Changed ‘‘Invalid range ’’%s‘‘ in transliteration operator’’ New ‘‘Missing control char name in \c’’ New ‘‘Newline in left-justified string for %s’’ New ‘‘Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator’’ New ‘‘Pseudo-hashes are deprecated’’ New ‘‘read() on %s filehandle %s’’ New ‘‘5.005 threads are deprecated’’ New ‘‘Tied variable freed while still in use’’ New ‘‘To%s: illegal mapping ’%s’’’ New ‘‘Use of freed value in iteration’’ Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems
Tied hashes in scalar context Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures B::C Platform Specific Problems
EBCDIC Platforms Cygwin 1.5 problems HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing Mac OS X: no usemymalloc Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc) Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION Highlights In 5.8.0 Incompatible Changes
Binary Incompatibility 64-bit platforms and malloc AIX Dynaloading Attributes for my variables now handled at run-time Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha New Unicode Semantics (no more use utf8, almost) New Unicode Properties REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) pack/unpack D/F recycled glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order Deprecations Core Enhancements
Unicode Overhaul PerlIO is Now The Default ithreads Restricted Hashes Safe Signals Understanding of Numbers Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561] Miscellaneous Changes Modules and Pragmata
New Modules and Pragmata Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements
Generic Improvements New Or Improved Platforms Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Security Vulnerability Closed [561] New Tests Known Problems
The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles Modifying $_ Inside for(..) mod_perl 1.26 Doesn’t Build With Threaded Perl lib/ftmp-security tests warn ’system possibly insecure’ libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51 PDL failing some tests Perl_get_sv Self-tying Problems ext/threads/t/libc Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests Timing problems Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work Platform Specific Problems
AIX Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests AmigaOS BeOS Cygwin ‘‘unable to remap’’ Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT DJGPP Failures FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5 HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 Mac OS X Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols OS/2 Test Failures op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 SCO Solaris 2.5 Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint SUPER-UX (NEC SX) Term::ReadKey not working on Win32 UNICOS/mk UTS VOS (Stratus) VMS Win32 XML::Parser not working z/OS (OS/390) Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Changes Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes
64-bit platforms and malloc AIX Dynaloading Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...} Deprecations Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata
New Modules and Distributions Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms Generic Improvements Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Source Code Enhancements
MAGIC constants Better commented code Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up gcc -Wall New Tests Known Problems
AIX Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery lib/ftmp-security tests warn ’system possibly insecure’ Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12 HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 OS/390 op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 Failure of Thread tests UNICOS UTS VMS Win32 Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental The Long Double Support is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements
AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable PerlIO is Now The Default Signals Are Now Safe Modules and Pragmata
New Modules Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Performance Enhancements Utility Changes New Documentation
perlclib perliol README.aix README.bs2000 README.macos README.mpeix README.solaris README.vos Porting/repository.pod Installation and Configuration Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms Generic Improvements d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems
AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl lib/ftmp-security tests warn ’system possibly insecure’ lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX lib/b test 19 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 sigaction test 13 in VMS sprintf tests 129 and 130 Failure of Thread tests Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata
New Modules Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements
Generic Improvements Selected Bug Fixes
Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Known Problems
Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles ftmp-security tests warn ’system possibly insecure’ Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX Long Doubles Still Don’t Work In Solaris Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 Storable tests fail in some platforms Threads Are Still Experimental The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
Security Issues Core bug fixes UNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, slurp mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, no Module;, Tests Core features Configuration issues Documentation Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX Core Enhancements
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters ‘‘our’’ declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles ‘‘more bits’’ Enhanced support for sort() subroutines sort $coderef @foo allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved qw// operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format ’Z’ supported pack() format modifier ’!’ supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ‘‘text’’ system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) require and do may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one character New variable $^C reflects -c switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata
Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes
dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support -A flag Enhanced Installation Directories gcc automatically tried if ’cc’ does not seem to be working Platform specific changes
Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files eval ’...’ improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent (\$) prototype and $foo{a} goto &sub and AUTOLOAD -bareword allowed under use integer Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under -U END blocks and the -c switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics %s variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, my sub not yet implemented, our variable %s redeclared, ’!’ allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as %s, %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can’t check filesystem of script %s, Can’t declare class for non-scalar %s in %s, Can’t declare %s in %s, Can’t ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can’t modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can’t read CRTL environ, Can’t remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can’t return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can’t weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean local instead of our?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range %s in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol %s requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value %s, Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range %s in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in my sub, No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in our, No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around %s list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma attrs is deprecated, use sub NAME : ATTRS instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can’t take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can’t reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can’t set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode ’%s’, Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol %s too long, Version number must be a constant number New tests Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC Compatible C Source API Changes PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems
Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory Known test failures EBCDIC platforms not fully supported UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters ‘‘our’’ declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles ‘‘more bits’’ Enhanced support for sort() subroutines sort $coderef @foo allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved qw// operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format ’Z’ supported pack() format modifier ’!’ supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ‘‘text’’ system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) require and do may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one character New variable $^C reflects -c switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata
Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes
dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support -A flag Enhanced Installation Directories Platform specific changes
Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files eval ’...’ improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent (\$) prototype and $foo{a} goto &sub and AUTOLOAD -bareword allowed under use integer Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under -U END blocks and the -c switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics %s variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, my sub not yet implemented, our variable %s redeclared, ’!’ allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as %s, %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can’t check filesystem of script %s, Can’t declare class for non-scalar %s in %s, Can’t declare %s in %s, Can’t ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can’t modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can’t read CRTL environ, Can’t remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can’t return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can’t weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean local instead of our?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range %s in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol %s requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value %s, Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range %s in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in my sub, No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in our, No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around %s list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma attrs is deprecated, use sub NAME : ATTRS instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can’t take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can’t reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can’t set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode ’%s’, Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol %s too long, Version number must be a constant number New tests Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC Compatible C Source API Changes PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems
Thread test failures EBCDIC platforms not supported In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION About the new versioning system Incompatible Changes
WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. Default installation structure has changed Perl Source Compatibility C Source Compatibility Binary Compatibility Security fixes may affect compatibility Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 Licensing Core Changes
Threads Compiler Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes Improved malloc() Quicksort is internally implemented Reliable signals Reliable stack pointers More generous treatment of carriage returns Memory leaks Better support for multiple interpreters Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined %! is transparently tied to the Errno module Pseudo-hashes are supported EXPR foreach EXPR is supported Keywords can be globally overridden $^E is meaningful on Win32 foreach (1..1000000) optimized Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package Better locale support Experimental support for 64-bit platforms prototype() returns useful results on builtins Extended support for exception handling Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods All printf format conversions are handled internally New INIT keyword New lock keyword New qr// operator our is now a reserved word Tied arrays are now fully supported Tied handles support is better 4th argument to substr Negative LENGTH argument to splice Magic lvalues are now more magical <> now reads in records Supported Platforms
New Platforms Changes in existing support Modules and Pragmata
New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd Utility Changes Documentation Changes New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword %s refers to nonexistent package, Can’t call method %s on an undefined value, Can’t check filesystem of script %s for nosuid, Can’t coerce array into hash, Can’t goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can’t localize pseudo-hash element, Can’t use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for %s, Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re ’eval’, %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to ’’ (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field %s in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method ’%s’ %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word %s is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed Obsolete Diagnostics Can’t mktemp(), Can’t write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big Configuration Changes BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY
DESCRIPTION Supported Environments Core Changes
List assignment to %ENV works Change to ‘‘Can’t locate Foo.pm in @INC’’ error Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 $PERL5OPT environment variable Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options More precise warnings Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable Subroutine arguments created only when they’re modified Group vector changeable with $) Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. No resetting of $. on implicit close wantarray may return undef eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn’t look like a terminal name New Opcode module and revised Safe module Embedding improvements Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements Support for More Operating Systems
Win32 Plan 9 QNX AmigaOS Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib ’dir’, use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish Modules
Required Updates Installation directories Module information summary Fcntl IO Math::Complex Math::Trig DB_File Net::Ping Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators Utility Changes
pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output xsubpp void XSUBs now default to returning nothing C Language API Changes gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes Documentation Changes perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec New Diagnostics my variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword %s refers to nonexistent package, Can’t redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can’t use bareword (%s) as %s ref while strict refs in use, Cannot resolve method ‘%s’ overloading ‘%s’ in package ‘%s’, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: %s, Invalid type in pack: ’%s’, Invalid type in unpack: ’%s’, Name %s::%s used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method ‘%s’ overloading ‘%s’ in %s, Too late for "-T option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated, Value of %s can be 0; test with defined(), Variable %s may be unavailable, Variable %s" will not stay shared, Warning: something’s wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The ‘‘Artistic License’’
Preamble Definitions Package, Standard Version, Copyright Holder, You, Reasonable copying fee, Freely Available Conditions a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on AIX OS level Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX The IBM ANSI C Compiler The usenm option Using GNU’s gcc for building perl Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics AUTHOR DATE
NOTE SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS INSTALLATION Accessing documentation
Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS Making Perl on AmigaOS Testing Perl on AmigaOS Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS AUTHORS SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
General Issues with Perl on BeOS BeOS Release-specific Notes R4 x86, R4 PPC Contact Information Update 2002-05-30
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
gzip on BS2000 bison on BS2000 Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000 Compiling Perl on BS2000 Testing Perl on BS2000 Installing Perl on BS2000 Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000 Using Perl in ‘‘native’’ BS2000 Floating point anomalies on BS2000 Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions AUTHORS SEE ALSO
Mailing list HISTORY
DESCRIPTION BUILD
Tools & SDK Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel’s celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel’s console-sources Make go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
compile.bat distACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don’t leave UNIX without it) Cygwin Configuration PATH, nroff, Permissions CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin -lcrypt, -lgdbm (use GDBM_File), -ldb (use DB_File), -lcygipc (use IPC::SysV), -lutil Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin -Uusedl, -Uusemymalloc, -Uuseperlio, -Dusemultiplicity, -Duse64bitint, -Duselongdouble, -Dusethreads, -Duselargefiles, -Dmksymlinks Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin dlsym(), Win9x and d_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines MAKE ON CYGWIN
Errors on Cygwin ld2 on Cygwin TEST ON CYGWIN
File Permissions on Cygwin NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems fork() failures in io_* tests Script Portability on Cygwin Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, .exe, chown(), Miscellaneous INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN MANIFEST ON CYGWIN Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts BUGS ON CYGWIN AUTHORS HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX Threaded Perl on DG/UX Testing Perl on DG/UX Installing the built perl on DG/UX AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS DJGPP, Pthreads Shortcomings of Perl under DOS Building Perl on DOS Testing Perl on DOS Installation of Perl on DOS BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS Building Non-XS Modules on DOS Building XS Modules on DOS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC STARTING PERL ON EPOC
Editors on Epoc Features of Perl on Epoc Restrictions of Perl on Epoc Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC AUTHOR LAST UPDATE
DESCRIPTION
FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads $^X doesn’t always contain a full path in FreeBSD Perl will no longer be part of ‘‘base FreeBSD’’ AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Using perl as shipped with HP-UX Using perl from HP’s porting centre Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX PA-RISC PA-RISC 1.0 PA-RISC 1.1 PA-RISC 2.0 Itanium & Itanium 2 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX The HP ANSI C Compiler The GNU C Compiler Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX Threaded Perl on HP-UX 64-bit Perl on HP-UX Oracle on HP-UX GDBM and Threads on HP-UX NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX perl -P and // and HP-UX HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent AUTHOR DATE
DESCRIPTION
Known Problems with Perl on Hurd AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Building 32-bit Perl in Irix Building 64-bit Perl in Irix About Compiler Versions of Irix Linker Problems in Irix Malloc in Irix Building with threads in Irix Irix 5.3 AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen Failures during make test on MachTen op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t Building external modules on MachTen AUTHOR DATE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR DATE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Installation Prefix libperl and Prebinding Updating Panther Known problems MacPerl Carbon Cocoa Starting From Scratch AUTHOR DATE
DESCRIPTION Known problems with Perl on MiNT AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS NOTE Binary distribution from HP What’s New in Perl for MPE/iX Welcome to Perl/iX System Requirements for Perl/iX How to Obtain Perl/iX Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe How to Compile Perl/iX Getting Started with Perl/iX MPE/iX Implementation Considerations Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation Perl/iX To-Do List Perl/iX Change History AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION BUILD
Tools & SDK Setup SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat Make Interpreter Extensions INSTALL BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS DATE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Target Other OSes Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl Frequently asked questions
‘‘It does not work’’ I cannot run external programs I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with -Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed? ‘‘ and pipe-open do not work under DOS. Cannot start find.exe ‘‘pattern’’ file INSTALLATION
Automatic binary installation PERL_BADLANG, PERL_BADFREE, Config.pm Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh Warning Accessing documentation
OS/2 .INF file Plain text Manpages HTML GNU info files PDF files LaTeX docs BUILD
The short story Prerequisites Getting perl source Application of the patches Hand-editing Making Testing A lot of bad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t Installing the built perl a.out-style build Building a binary distribution Building custom .EXE files
Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded extensions Making executables with a custom search-paths Build FAQ
Some / became \ in pdksh. ’errno’ - unresolved external Problems with tr or sed Some problem (forget which ;-) Library ... not found Segfault in make op/sprintf test failure Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
setpriority, getpriority system() extproc on the first line Additional modules: Prebuilt methods: File::Copy::syscopy, DynaLoader::mod2fname, Cwd::current_drive(),
Cwd::sys_chdir(name), Cwd::change_drive(name), Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name), Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name), Cwd::sys_is_relative(name), Cwd::sys_cwd(name), Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), Cwd::extLibpath([type]), Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] ), OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception), OS2::Errors2Drive(drive), OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), OS2::MorphPM(serve), OS2::UnMorphPM(serve), OS2::Serve_Messages(force), OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt]), OS2::_control87(new,mask), OS2::get_control87(), OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM), OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror Misfeatures Modifications popen, tmpnam, tmpfile, ctermid, stat, mkdir, rmdir, flock Identifying DLLs Centralized management of resources HAB, HMQ, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, CheckOSError(expr), CheckWinError(expr), SaveWinError(expr), SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2), WinError_2_Perl_rc, FillWinError, FillOSError(rc), Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs Perl flavors
perl.exe perl_.exe perl__.exe perl___.exe Why strange names? Why dynamic linking? Why chimera build? ENVIRONMENT
PERLLIB_PREFIX PERL_BADLANG PERL_BADFREE PERL_SH_DIR USE_PERL_FLOCK TMP or TEMP Evolution
Text-mode filehandles Priorities DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2 DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond Global DLLs, specific DLLs, BEGINLIBPATH and ENDLIBPATH, . from LIBPATH DLL forwarder generation Threading Calls to external programs Memory allocation Threads COND_WAIT, os2.c BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Tools Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 Configure Perl on OS/390 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 AUTHORS SEE ALSO
Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 HISTORY
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE Using Perl in OS/400 PASE Known Problems Perl on ILE AUTHORS
DESCRIPTION
Invoking Perl What’s in Plan 9 Perl What’s not in Plan 9 Perl Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl Signals in Plan 9 Perl COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9 BUGS Revision date AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4 QNX auxiliary files qnx/ar, qnx/cpp Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6 AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Solaris Version Numbers. RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation SETTING UP
File Extraction Problems on Solaris. Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris RUN CONFIGURE.
64-bit perl on Solaris. Threads in perl on Solaris. Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris. MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified, sh: ar: not found MAKE TEST
op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris BSD::Resource on Solaris Net::SSLeay on Solaris SunOS 4.x AUTHOR LAST MODIFIED
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64 Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64 Threaded Perl on Tru64 Long Doubles on Tru64 DB_File tests failing on Tru64 64-bit Perl on Tru64 Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64 Testing Perl on Tru64 ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUILDING PERL ON UTS Installing the built perl on UTS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA Configure Perl on VM/ESA Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA AUTHORS SEE ALSO
Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
DESCRIPTION Installation Organization of Perl Images
Core Images Perl Extensions Installing static extensions Installing dynamic extensions File specifications
Syntax Wildcard expansion Pipes PERL5LIB and PERLLIB Command line
I/O redirection and backgrounding Command line switches -i, -S, -u Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $| Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
SDBM_File Revision date AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS
Multiple methods to build perl for VOS Stratus POSIX Support INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
Compiling Perl 5 on VOS Installing Perl 5 on VOS USING PERL IN VOS
Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS Restrictions of Perl on VOS Handling of underflow and overflow TEST STATUS SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Setting Up Perl on Win32 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc Building Testing Perl on Win32 Installation of Perl on Win32 Usage Hints for Perl on Win32 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows Running Perl Scripts Miscellaneous Things BUGS AND CAVEATS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net> SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK; WARNINGS A thread exited while %d other threads were still running TODO BUGS Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue Available Subroutines get, reftype Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES Syntax of Attribute Lists EXPORTS
Default exports Available exports Export tags defined EXAMPLES SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Base class package %s is empty HISTORY CAVEATS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version MATH LIBRARY INTERNAL FORMAT SIGN METHODS CAVEAT MODULES USED EXAMPLES LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version METHODS CAVEAT inf(), NaN(), upgrade() MATH LIBRARY INTERNAL FORMAT SIGN MODULES USED EXAMPLES LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
MODULES USED MATH LIBRARY SIGN METHODS CAVEAT EXAMPLES perl -Mbigrat -le ’print sqrt(33)’ perl -Mbigrat -le ’print 2*255’ perl -Mbigrat -le ’print 4.5+2*255’ perl -Mbigrat -le ’print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3’ perl -Mbigrat -le ’print 12->is_odd()’;LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CUSTOM TRANSLATORS CUSTOM ALIASES
Anonymous hashes Alias file Alias shortcut charnames::viacode(code) charnames::vianame(name) ALIASES ILLEGAL CHARACTERS BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES
List constants Defining multiple constants at once Magic constants TECHNICAL NOTES BUGS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The diagnostics Pragma The splain Program EXAMPLES INTERNALS BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT
Literal Conversions PerlIO layers for STD(IN|OUT) Implicit upgrading for byte strings FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 NON-EUC doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle USAGE use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding; The Filter Option
Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 CAVEATS
NOT SCOPED DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS tr/// with ranges Legend of characters above EXAMPLE - Greekperl KNOWN PROBLEMS literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format HISTORY SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new, phash SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
subpragma access
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Adding directories to @INC Deleting directories from @INC Restoring original @INC CAVEATS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Declaration of overloaded functions Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE, TRUE, undef Calling Conventions for Unary Operations Calling Conventions for Mutators ++ and --, x= and other assignment versions Overloadable Operations Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload
Last Resort Fallback undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE Copy Constructor Example MAGIC AUTOGENERATION Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator Losing overloading Run-time Overloading Public functions overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr IMPLEMENTATION Metaphor clash Cookbook
Two-face scalars Two-face references Symbolic calculator Really symbolic calculator AUTHOR DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, ‘%s’ is not an overloadable type, ‘%s’ is not a code reference BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS
SIGNAL HANDLERS stack-trace, die, handler your-handler SIGNAL LISTS normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals OTHER untrapped, any, signal, number EXAMPLES
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION strict refs, strict vars, strict subs HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Utility functions $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING) BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION vmsish status, vmsish exit, vmsish time, vmsish hushed
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] SEE ALSO
VERSION SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Typed lexicals Type-specific attribute handlers Non-interpretive attribute handlers Phase-specific attribute handlers Attributes as tie interfaces EXAMPLES DIAGNOSTICS Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s), Attribute handler %s doesn’t handle %s attributes, Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word, Can’t have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine, Can’t autotie a %s, Internal error: %s symbol went missing, Won’t be able to apply END handler AUTHOR BUGS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Subroutine Stubs Using AutoLoader’s AUTOLOAD Subroutine Overriding AutoLoader’s AUTOLOAD Subroutine Package Lexicals Not Using AutoLoader AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader CAVEATS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime
Multiple packages DIAGNOSTICS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW Utility Functions
Functions Returning B::SV, B::AV, B::HV, and B::CV objects sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av, check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv Functions for Examining the Symbol Table walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX) Functions Returning B::OP objects or for walking op trees main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG) Miscellaneous Utility Functions ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
SV-RELATED CLASSES B::SV Methods REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref B::IV Methods IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv B::NV Methods NV, NVX B::RV Methods RV B::PV Methods PV, RV, PVX B::PVMG Methods MAGIC, SvSTASH B::MAGIC Methods MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX B::PVLV Methods TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG B::BM Methods USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE B::GV Methods is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS B::IO Methods LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD B::AV Methods FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS B::CV Methods STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv B::HV Methods FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY OP-RELATED CLASSES B::OP Methods next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private B::UNOP METHOD first B::BINOP METHOD last B::LOGOP METHOD other B::LISTOP METHOD children B::PMOP Methods pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv B::PADOP METHOD padix B::PVOP METHOD pv B::LOOP Methods redoop, nextop, lastop B::COP Methods label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Functions find_leaders AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s KNOWN BUGS NOTICE AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv, -fuse-script-name, -fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2, -llimit EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On EXAMPLES BUGS DIFFERENCES
Loops Context of ‘‘..’’ Arithmetic Deprecated features AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS
Options for Opcode Ordering -basic, -exec, -tree Options for Line-Style -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env Options for tree-specific formatting -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii Options controlling sequence numbering -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian Other options -main, -banner Option Stickiness FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS (x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classsym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum ABBREVIATIONS
OP flags abbreviations OP class abbreviations Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
Example: Altering Concise Renderings set_style() set_style_standard($name) add_style() add_callback() Running B::Concise::compile() B::Concise::reset_sequence() Errors AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -d, -fFILE, -l, -p, -P, -q, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
Synopsis Description new ambient_pragmas strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits coderef2text BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS context, implicit-read and implicit-write, bare-subs, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS -u Package BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -oFILENAME, -r, -d, -D[tO] BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Functions find_leaders AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Methods new, debug, iters Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) :hireswallclock NOTES EXAMPLES INHERITANCE CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHORS MODIFICATION HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s KNOWN BUGS NOTICE AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION
PROGRAMMING STYLE CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag) GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER Parameters:, 4, 5, 6.. ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: OBTAINING THE SCRIPT’S URL -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS AUTOESCAPING HTML $escaped_string = escapeHTML(unescaped string);, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); PRETTY-PRINTING HTML CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG STARTING AND ENDING A FORM application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data CREATING A TEXT FIELD Parameters CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD Parameters CREATING A POPUP MENU CREATING AN OPTION GROUP CREATING A SCROLLING LIST Parameters: CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES Parameters: CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX Parameters: CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP Parameters: CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON Parameters: CREATING A RESET BUTTON CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD Parameters: CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON Parameters:, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a secure flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <form> tag LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS DEBUGGING
DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name() Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), virtual_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(), http(), https() USING NPH SCRIPTS In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters Server Push multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL AUTHOR INFORMATION CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more.. A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
Changing the default message MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM AUTHORS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Cookie 1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
Creating New Cookies Sending the Cookie to the Browser Recovering Previous Cookies Manipulating Cookies name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires() AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE CAVEATS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Tags that won’t be formatted Customizing the Indenting BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Push -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
Heterogeneous Pages Changing the Page Delay on the Fly INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS STATUS DESCRIPTION
Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals CPAN::Shell autobundle recompile The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution Programmer’s interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() Cache Manager Bundles Prerequisites Finding packages and VERSION Debugging Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode CONFIGURATION o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>
Note on urllist parameter’s format urllist parameter has CD-ROM support SECURITY EXPORT POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) BUGS AUTHOR TRANSLATIONS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Forcing a Stack Trace BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) CAUTIONARY NOTES COPYRIGHT AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The struct() function Class Creation at Compile Time Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (’$’ or ’*$’), Array (’@’ or ’*@’), Hash (’%’ or ’*%’), Class (’Class_Name’ or ’*Class_Name’) Initializing with new EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 Author and Modification History
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names) EXAMPLE WARNING GLOSSARY
_ _a, _exe, _o a afs, afsroot, alignbytes, ansi2knr, aphostname, api_revision, api_subversion, api_version, api_versionstring, ar, archlib, archlibexp, archname64, archname, archobjs, asctime_r_proto, awk b baserev, bash, bin, binexp, bison, byacc, byteorder c c, castflags, cat, cc, cccdlflags, ccdlflags, ccflags, ccflags_uselargefiles, ccname, ccsymbols, ccversion, cf_by, cf_email, cf_time, charsize, chgrp, chmod, chown, clocktype, comm, compress, contains, cp, cpio, cpp, cpp_stuff, cppccsymbols, cppflags, cpplast, cppminus, cpprun, cppstdin, cppsymbols, crypt_r_proto, cryptlib, csh, ctermid_r_proto, ctime_r_proto d d__fwalk, d_access, d_accessx, d_aintl, d_alarm, d_archlib, d_asctime_r, d_atolf, d_atoll, d_attribut, d_bcmp, d_bcopy, d_bsd, d_bsdgetpgrp, d_bsdsetpgrp, d_bzero, d_casti32, d_castneg, d_charvspr, d_chown, d_chroot, d_chsize, d_class, d_closedir, d_cmsghdr_s, d_const, d_copysignl, d_crypt, d_crypt_r, d_csh, d_ctermid_r, d_ctime_r, d_cuserid, d_dbl_dig, d_dbminitproto, d_difftime, d_dirfd, d_dirnamlen, d_dlerror, d_dlopen, d_dlsymun, d_dosuid, d_drand48_r, d_drand48proto, d_dup2, d_eaccess, d_endgrent, d_endgrent_r, d_endhent, d_endhostent_r, d_endnent, d_endnetent_r, d_endpent, d_endprotoent_r, d_endpwent, d_endpwent_r, d_endsent, d_endservent_r, d_eofnblk, d_eunice, d_faststdio, d_fchdir, d_fchmod, d_fchown, d_fcntl, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fd_macros, d_fd_set, d_fds_bits, d_fgetpos, d_finite, d_finitel, d_flexfnam, d_flock, d_flockproto, d_fork, d_fp_class, d_fpathconf, d_fpclass, d_fpclassify, d_fpclassl, d_fpos64_t, d_frexpl, d_fs_data_s, d_fseeko, d_fsetpos, d_fstatfs, d_fstatvfs, d_fsync, d_ftello, d_ftime, d_Gconvert, d_getcwd, d_getespwnam, d_getfsstat, d_getgrent, d_getgrent_r, d_getgrgid_r, d_getgrnam_r, d_getgrps, d_gethbyaddr, d_gethbyname, d_gethent, d_gethname, d_gethostbyaddr_r, d_gethostbyname_r, d_gethostent_r, d_gethostprotos, d_getitimer, d_getlogin, d_getlogin_r, d_getmnt, d_getmntent, d_getnbyaddr, d_getnbyname, d_getnent, d_getnetbyaddr_r, d_getnetbyname_r, d_getnetent_r, d_getnetprotos, d_getpagsz, d_getpbyname, d_getpbynumber, d_getpent, d_getpgid, d_getpgrp2, d_getpgrp, d_getppid, d_getprior, d_getprotobyname_r, d_getprotobynumber_r, d_getprotoent_r, d_getprotoprotos, d_getprpwnam, d_getpwent, d_getpwent_r, d_getpwnam_r, d_getpwuid_r, d_getsbyname, d_getsbyport, d_getsent, d_getservbyname_r, d_getservbyport_r, d_getservent_r, d_getservprotos, d_getspnam, d_getspnam_r, d_gettimeod, d_gmtime_r, d_gnulibc, d_grpasswd, d_hasmntopt, d_htonl, d_ilogbl, d_index, d_inetaton, d_int64_t, d_isascii, d_isfinite, d_isinf, d_isnan, d_isnanl, d_killpg, d_lchown, d_ldbl_dig, d_link, d_localtime_r, d_locconv, d_lockf, d_longdbl, d_longlong, d_lseekproto, d_lstat, d_madvise, d_mblen, d_mbstowcs, d_mbtowc, d_memchr, d_memcmp, d_memcpy, d_memmove, d_memset, d_mkdir, d_mkdtemp, d_mkfifo, d_mkstemp, d_mkstemps, d_mktime, d_mmap, d_modfl, d_modfl_pow32_bug, d_modflproto, d_mprotect, d_msg, d_msg_ctrunc, d_msg_dontroute, d_msg_oob, d_msg_peek, d_msg_proxy, d_msgctl, d_msgget, d_msghdr_s, d_msgrcv, d_msgsnd, d_msync, d_munmap, d_mymalloc, d_nanosleep, d_nice, d_nl_langinfo, d_nv_preserves_uv, d_off64_t, d_old_pthread_create_joinable, d_oldpthreads, d_oldsock, d_open3, d_pathconf, d_pause, d_perl_otherlibdirs, d_phostname, d_pipe, d_poll, d_portable, d_PRId64, d_PRIeldbl, d_PRIEUldbl, d_PRIfldbl, d_PRIFUldbl, d_PRIgldbl, d_PRIGUldbl, d_PRIi64, d_PRIo64, d_PRIu64, d_PRIx64, d_PRIXU64, d_procselfexe, d_pthread_atfork, d_pthread_attr_setscope, d_pthread_yield, d_pwage, d_pwchange, d_pwclass, d_pwcomment, d_pwexpire, d_pwgecos, d_pwpasswd, d_pwquota, d_qgcvt, d_quad, d_random_r, d_readdir64_r, d_readdir, d_readdir_r, d_readlink, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_rename, d_rewinddir, d_rmdir, d_safebcpy, d_safemcpy, d_sanemcmp, d_sbrkproto, d_scalbnl, d_sched_yield, d_scm_rights, d_SCNfldbl, d_seekdir, d_select, d_sem, d_semctl, d_semctl_semid_ds, d_semctl_semun, d_semget, d_semop, d_sendmsg, d_setegid, d_seteuid, d_setgrent, d_setgrent_r, d_setgrps, d_sethent, d_sethostent_r, d_setitimer, d_setlinebuf, d_setlocale, d_setlocale_r, d_setnent, d_setnetent_r, d_setpent, d_setpgid, d_setpgrp2, d_setpgrp, d_setprior, d_setproctitle, d_setprotoent_r, d_setpwent, d_setpwent_r, d_setregid, d_setresgid, d_setresuid, d_setreuid, d_setrgid, d_setruid, d_setsent, d_setservent_r, d_setsid, d_setvbuf, d_sfio, d_shm, d_shmat, d_shmatprototype, d_shmctl, d_shmdt, d_shmget, d_sigaction, d_sigprocmask, d_sigsetjmp, d_sockatmark, d_sockatmarkproto, d_socket, d_socklen_t, d_sockpair, d_socks5_init, d_sqrtl, d_srand48_r, d_srandom_r, d_sresgproto, d_sresuproto, d_statblks, d_statfs_f_flags, d_statfs_s, d_statvfs, d_stdio_cnt_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt, d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt, d_stdio_stream_array, d_stdiobase, d_stdstdio, d_strchr, d_strcoll, d_strctcpy, d_strerrm, d_strerror, d_strerror_r, d_strftime, d_strtod, d_strtol, d_strtold, d_strtoll, d_strtoq, d_strtoul, d_strtoull, d_strtouq, d_strxfrm, d_suidsafe, d_symlink, d_syscall, d_syscallproto, d_sysconf, d_sysernlst, d_syserrlst, d_system, d_tcgetpgrp, d_tcsetpgrp, d_telldir, d_telldirproto, d_time, d_times, d_tm_tm_gmtoff, d_tm_tm_zone, d_tmpnam_r, d_truncate, d_ttyname_r, d_tzname, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_umask, d_uname, d_union_semun, d_unordered, d_usleep, d_usleepproto, d_ustat, d_vendorarch, d_vendorbin, d_vendorlib, d_vendorscript, d_vfork, d_void_closedir, d_voidsig, d_voidtty, d_volatile, d_vprintf, d_wait4, d_waitpid, d_wcstombs, d_wctomb, d_writev, d_xenix, date, db_hashtype, db_prefixtype, db_version_major, db_version_minor, db_version_patch, defvoidused, direntrytype, dlext, dlsrc, doublesize, drand01, drand48_r_proto, dynamic_ext e eagain, ebcdic, echo, egrep, emacs, endgrent_r_proto, endhostent_r_proto, endnetent_r_proto, endprotoent_r_proto, endpwent_r_proto, endservent_r_proto, eunicefix, exe_ext, expr, extensions, extras f fflushall, fflushNULL, find, firstmakefile, flex, fpossize, fpostype, freetype, from, full_ar, full_csh, full_sed g gccansipedantic, gccosandvers, gccversion, getgrent_r_proto, getgrgid_r_proto, getgrnam_r_proto, gethostbyaddr_r_proto, gethostbyname_r_proto, gethostent_r_proto, getlogin_r_proto, getnetbyaddr_r_proto, getnetbyname_r_proto, getnetent_r_proto, getprotobyname_r_proto, getprotobynumber_r_proto, getprotoent_r_proto, getpwent_r_proto, getpwnam_r_proto, getpwuid_r_proto, getservbyname_r_proto, getservbyport_r_proto, getservent_r_proto, getspnam_r_proto, gidformat, gidsign, gidsize, gidtype, glibpth, gmake, gmtime_r_proto, gnulibc_version, grep, groupcat, groupstype, gzip h h_fcntl, h_sysfile, hint, hostcat, html1dir, html1direxp, html3dir, html3direxp i i16size, i16type, i32size, i32type, i64size, i64type, i8size, i8type, i_arpainet, i_bsdioctl, i_crypt, i_db, i_dbm, i_dirent, i_dld, i_dlfcn, i_fcntl, i_float, i_fp, i_fp_class, i_gdbm, i_grp, i_ieeefp, i_inttypes, i_langinfo, i_libutil, i_limits, i_locale, i_machcthr, i_malloc, i_math, i_memory, i_mntent, i_ndbm, i_netdb, i_neterrno, i_netinettcp, i_niin, i_poll, i_prot, i_pthread, i_pwd, i_rpcsvcdbm, i_sfio, i_sgtty, i_shadow, i_socks, i_stdarg, i_stddef, i_stdlib, i_string, i_sunmath, i_sysaccess, i_sysdir, i_sysfile, i_sysfilio, i_sysin, i_sysioctl, i_syslog, i_sysmman, i_sysmode, i_sysmount, i_sysndir, i_sysparam, i_sysresrc, i_syssecrt, i_sysselct, i_syssockio, i_sysstat, i_sysstatfs, i_sysstatvfs, i_systime, i_systimek, i_systimes, i_systypes, i_sysuio, i_sysun, i_sysutsname, i_sysvfs, i_syswait, i_termio, i_termios, i_time, i_unistd, i_ustat, i_utime, i_values, i_varargs, i_varhdr, i_vfork, ignore_versioned_solibs, inc_version_list, inc_version_list_init, incpath, inews, installarchlib, installbin, installhtml1dir, installhtml3dir, installman1dir, installman3dir, installprefix, installprefixexp, installprivlib, installscript, installsitearch, installsitebin, installsitehtml1dir, installsitehtml3dir, installsitelib, installsiteman1dir, installsiteman3dir, installsitescript, installstyle, installusrbinperl, installvendorarch, installvendorbin, installvendorhtml1dir, installvendorhtml3dir, installvendorlib, installvendorman1dir, installvendorman3dir, installvendorscript, intsize, issymlink, ivdformat, ivsize, ivtype k known_extensions, ksh l ld, lddlflags, ldflags, ldflags_uselargefiles, ldlibpthname, less, lib_ext, libc, libperl, libpth, libs, libsdirs, libsfiles, libsfound, libspath, libswanted, libswanted_uselargefiles, line, lint, lkflags, ln, lns, localtime_r_proto, locincpth, loclibpth, longdblsize, longlongsize, longsize, lp, lpr, ls, lseeksize, lseektype m mail, mailx, make, make_set_make, mallocobj, mallocsrc, malloctype, man1dir, man1direxp, man1ext, man3dir, man3direxp, man3ext M Mcc, mips_type, mistrustnm, mkdir, mmaptype, modetype, more, multiarch, mv, myarchname, mydomain, myhostname, myuname n n, need_va_copy, netdb_hlen_type, netdb_host_type, netdb_name_type, netdb_net_type, nm, nm_opt, nm_so_opt, nonxs_ext, nroff, nv_preserves_uv_bits, nveformat, nvEUformat, nvfformat, nvFUformat, nvgformat, nvGUformat, nvsize, nvtype o o_nonblock, obj_ext, old_pthread_create_joinable, optimize, orderlib, osname, osvers, otherlibdirs p package, pager, passcat, patchlevel, path_sep, perl5, perl, perl_patchlevel P PERL_REVISION, PERL_SUBVERSION, PERL_VERSION, perladmin, perllibs, perlpath, pg, phostname, pidtype, plibpth, pmake, pr, prefix, prefixexp, privlib, privlibexp, procselfexe, prototype, ptrsize q quadkind, quadtype r randbits, randfunc, random_r_proto, randseedtype, ranlib, rd_nodata, readdir64_r_proto, readdir_r_proto, revision, rm, rmail, run, runnm s sched_yield, scriptdir, scriptdirexp, sed, seedfunc, selectminbits, selecttype, sendmail, setgrent_r_proto, sethostent_r_proto, setlocale_r_proto, setnetent_r_proto, setprotoent_r_proto, setpwent_r_proto, setservent_r_proto, sh, shar, sharpbang, shmattype, shortsize, shrpenv, shsharp, sig_count, sig_name, sig_name_init, sig_num, sig_num_init, sig_size, signal_t, sitearch, sitearchexp, sitebin, sitebinexp, sitehtml1dir, sitehtml1direxp, sitehtml3dir, sitehtml3direxp, sitelib, sitelib_stem, sitelibexp, siteman1dir, siteman1direxp, siteman3dir, siteman3direxp, siteprefix, siteprefixexp, sitescript, sitescriptexp, sizesize, sizetype, sleep, smail, so, sockethdr, socketlib, socksizetype, sort, spackage, spitshell, sPRId64, sPRIeldbl, sPRIEUldbl, sPRIfldbl, sPRIFUldbl, sPRIgldbl, sPRIGUldbl, sPRIi64, sPRIo64, sPRIu64, sPRIx64, sPRIXU64, srand48_r_proto, srandom_r_proto, src, sSCNfldbl, ssizetype, startperl, startsh, static_ext, stdchar, stdio_base, stdio_bufsiz, stdio_cnt, stdio_filbuf, stdio_ptr, stdio_stream_array, strerror_r_proto, strings, submit, subversion, sysman t tail, tar, targetarch, tbl, tee, test, timeincl, timetype, tmpnam_r_proto, to, touch, tr, trnl, troff, ttyname_r_proto u u16size, u16type, u32size, u32type, u64size, u64type, u8size, u8type, uidformat, uidsign, uidsize, uidtype, uname, uniq, uquadtype, use5005threads, use64bitall, use64bitint, usecrosscompile, usedl, usefaststdio, useithreads, uselargefiles, uselongdouble, usemorebits, usemultiplicity, usemymalloc, usenm, useopcode, useperlio, useposix, usereentrant, usesfio, useshrplib, usesocks, usethreads, usevendorprefix, usevfork, usrinc, uuname, uvoformat, uvsize, uvtype, uvuformat, uvxformat, uvXUformat v vendorarch, vendorarchexp, vendorbin, vendorbinexp, vendorhtml1dir, vendorhtml1direxp, vendorhtml3dir, vendorhtml3direxp, vendorlib, vendorlib_stem, vendorlibexp, vendorman1dir, vendorman1direxp, vendorman3dir, vendorman3direxp, vendorprefix, vendorprefixexp, vendorscript, vendorscriptexp, version, version_patchlevel_string, versiononly, vi, voidflags x xlibpth y yacc, yaccflags z zcat, zip NOTE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
getcwd and friends getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd abs_path and friends abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path $ENV{PWD} NOTES AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Global Variables API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg(’D::hide’), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST) BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION What is a DBM Filter?
So what’s new? METHODS
$db->Filter_Push() $db->Filter_Key_Push() $db->Filter_Value_Push() Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push $db->Filter_Pop() $db->Filtered() Writing a Filter
Immediate Filters Canned Filters name, params Filters Included utf8, encode, compress, int32, null NOTES
Maintain Round Trip Integrity Don’t mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file. EXAMPLE SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater Interface to Berkeley DB Opening a Berkeley DB Database File Default Parameters In Memory Databases DB_HASH
A Simple Example DB_BTREE
Changing the BTREE sort order Handling Duplicate Keys The get_dup() Method The find_dup() Method The del_dup() Method Matching Partial Keys DB_RECNO
The ’bval’ Option A Simple Example Extra RECNO Methods $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length, $X->splice(offset, length, elements); Another Example THE API INTERFACE $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ; DBM FILTERS filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter An Example — the NULL termination problem. Another Example — Key is a C int. HINTS AND TIPS
Locking: The Trouble with fd Safe ways to lock a database Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock Sharing Databases With C Applications The untie() Gotcha COMMON QUESTIONS
Why is there Perl source in my database? How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? What does ‘‘Invalid Argument’’ mean? What does ‘‘Bareword ’DB_File’ not allowed’’ mean? REFERENCES HISTORY BUGS AVAILABILITY COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Methods PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset Functions Dumper(LIST) Configuration Variables or Methods Exports Dumper EXAMPLES BUGS
NOTE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PROFILE FORMAT AUTOLOAD ENVIRONMENT BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
WriteFile ppport.h AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Runtime debugging Memory footprint debugging EXAMPLES
A simple scalar string A simple scalar number A simple scalar with an extra reference A reference to a simple scalar A reference to an array A reference to a hash Dumping a large array or hash A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer A reference to a subroutine EXPORTS BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION binary, hex, base64 OO INTERFACE $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest Digest speed SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) METHODS $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest EXAMPLES SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHORS
SYNPOSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Creation arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, dumpDBFiles, dumpPackages, dumpReused, tick, quoteHighBit, printUndef, usageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Migration from DynaLoader Backward compatible boilerplate Order of initialization: early load()
The most hairy case LIMITATIONS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS
Table of Contents DESCRIPTION
TERMINOLOGY PERL ENCODING API $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);
Listing available encodings Defining Aliases Encoding via PerlIO Handling Malformed Data CHECK = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), CHECK = Encode::FB_QUIET, CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
Unimplemented fallback schemes Defining Encodings The UTF-8 flag Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
Messing with Perl’s Internals is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING) SEE ALSO MAINTAINER
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:
Alias overloading SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Methods you should implement ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings ->name, ->renew, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines() Example: Encode::ROT13 Why the heck Encode API is different?
Compiled Encodings SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode(Guess ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects]) CAVEATS TO DO SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO
Overview How does it work? Line Buffering
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Encoding Names Supported Encodings
Built-in Encodings Encode::Unicode — other Unicode encodings Encode::Byte — Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN — Continental China, Encode::JP — Japan, Encode::KR — Korea, Encode::TW — Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra — More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K — JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess Unsupported encodings Encoding vs. Charset — terminology Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
Microsoft-related naming mess KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 See Also References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin’s Hangul FAQ, debian.org: Introduction to i18n Offline sources CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT <http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference Size, Endianness, and BOM
by size by endianness BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order Surrogate Pairs SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT In Practice SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:
Alias overloading SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Methods you should implement ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings ->name, ->renew, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines() Example: Encode::ROT13 Why the heck Encode API is different?
Compiled Encodings SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode(Guess ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects]) CAVEATS TO DO SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO
Overview How does it work? Line Buffering
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? SEE ALSO
DESCRIPTION
Encoding Names Supported Encodings
Built-in Encodings Encode::Unicode — other Unicode encodings Encode::Byte — Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN — Continental China, Encode::JP — Japan, Encode::KR — Korea, Encode::TW — Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra — More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K — JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess Unsupported encodings Encoding vs. Charset — terminology Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
Microsoft-related naming mess KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 See Also References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin’s Hangul FAQ, debian.org: Introduction to i18n Offline sources CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT In Practice SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Description
Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding]) Example: base64 transcoder Operator Overloading SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT
Literal Conversions PerlIO layers for STD(IN|OUT) Implicit upgrading for byte strings FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 NON-EUC doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle USAGE use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding; The Filter Option
Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 CAVEATS
NOT SCOPED DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS tr/// with ranges Legend of characters above EXAMPLE - Greekperl KNOWN PROBLEMS literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format HISTORY SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Description
Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding]) Example: base64 transcoder Operator Overloading SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PERFORMANCE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
How to Export Selecting What To Export How to Import use ModuleName;, use ModuleName ();, use ModuleName qw(...); Advanced features
Specialised Import Lists Exporting without using Exporter’s import method Exporting without inheriting from Exporter Module Version Checking Managing Unknown Symbols Tag Handling Utility Functions Generating combined tags AUTOLOADed Constants
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
cat
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION eqtime src dst
rm_rf files...
rm_f files...
touch files ..
mv source... destination
cp source... destination
chmod mode files..
mkpath directory..
test_f file
BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR
pod2man
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION test_harness warn_if_old_packlist
perllocal_install
uninstall
C_stringify NAME
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF FUNCTIONS perl_stringify NAME
constant_types
memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
return_clause
switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
params WHAT
dump_names
dogfood
C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item def_post, utf8
XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
WriteMakefileSnippet
WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @EXPORT FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR
install_default DISCOURAGED
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Functions install uninstall
pm_to_blib
_autosplit
ENVIRONMENT PERL_INSTALL_ROOT AUTHOR LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version() EXAMPLE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time
EXTRALIBS LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH BSLOADLIBS PORTABILITY
VMS implementation Win32 implementation SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
os_flavor_is
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Inherently Cross-Platform Methods installvars echo
File::Spec wrappers catfile Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods split_command init_VERSION
wraplist
manifypods
manifypods_target
makemakerdflt_target
special_targets
POD2MAN_macro
test_via_harness
test_via_script
libscan
tool_autosplit
all_target
metafile_target
metafile_addtomanifest_target
os_flavor
Abstract methods oneliner, quote_literal, escape_newlines, max_exec_len, init_others, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform, platform_constants
AUTHOR
os_flavor (o)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION init_linker
cflags (o)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION os_flavor (o) replace_manpage_separator (o)
init_linker
replace_manpage_separator
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Overridden methods os_flavor
AUTHOR SEE ALSO
maybe_command
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION guess_name
macify
patternify
init_main
init_others
init_platform, platform_constants
init_dirscan
init_VERSION (o)
special_targets (o)
static (o)
dlsyms (o)
dynamic (o)
clean (o)
clean_subdirs_target
realclean (o)
realclean_subdirs_target
rulez (o)
processPL (o)
os_flavor
os_flavor
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION init_platform (o), platform_constants
const_cccmd (o)
static_lib (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
init_linker
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS init_dist (o) os_flavor
replace_manpage_separator
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Overridden methods os_flavor
AUTHOR SEE ALSO
c_o (o)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS Methods os_flavor (o) cflags (o)
clean (o)
clean_subdirs_target
const_cccmd (o)
const_config (o)
const_loadlibs (o)
constants (o)
depend (o)
dir_target (o)
init_DEST
init_dist
dist (o)
dist_basics (o)
dist_ci (o)
dist_core (o)
dist_target
tardist_target
zipdist_target
tarfile_target
zipfile_target
uutardist_target
shdist_target
distdir
dist_test
dlsyms (o)
dynamic (o)
dynamic_bs (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
exescan
extliblist
find_perl
find_tests
force (o)
Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile fixin guess_name
has_link_code
init_dirscan
init_DIRFILESEP
init_main
init_others
init_INST
init_INSTALL
init_linker
init_lib2arch
init_PERL
init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
init_PERM
init_xs
install (o)
installbin (o)
linkext (o)
lsdir
macro (o)
makeaperl (o)
makefile (o)
maybe_command
needs_linking (o)
nicetext
parse_abstract
parse_version
pasthru (o)
perl_script
perldepend (o)
perm_rw (o)
perm_rwx (o)
pm_to_blib
post_constants (o)
post_initialize (o)
postamble (o)
ppd
prefixify
processPL (o)
quote_paren
realclean (o)
realclean_subdirs_target
replace_manpage_separator
oneliner (o)
quote_literal
escape_newlines
max_exec_len
static (o)
static_lib (o)
staticmake (o)
subdir_x (o)
subdirs (o)
test (o)
test_via_harness (override)
test_via_script (override)
tools_other (o)
tool_xsubpp (o)
all_target
top_targets (o)
writedoc
xs_c (o)
xs_cpp (o)
xs_o (o)
SEE ALSO
find_perl (override)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Methods always loaded wraplist Methods guess_name (override) maybe_command (override)
perl_script (override)
replace_manpage_separator
init_DEST
init_DIRFILESEP
init_main (override)
init_others (override)
init_platform (override)
platform_constants
init_VERSION (override)
constants (override)
special_targets
cflags (override)
const_cccmd (override)
tool_sxubpp (override)
tools_other (override)
init_dist (override)
c_o (override)
xs_c (override)
xs_o (override)
dlsyms (override)
dynamic_lib (override)
dynamic_bs (override)
static_lib (override)
processPL (override)
installbin (override)
subdir_x (override)
clean (override)
clean_subdirs_target
realclean (override)
zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
dist_test (override)
install (override)
perldepend (override)
makefile (override)
find_tests (override)
test (override)
makeaperl (override)
nicetext (override)
prefixify (override)
oneliner (o)
echo (o)
quote_literal
escape_newlines
max_exec_len
init_linker (o)
eliminate_macros
fixpath
os_flavor
replace_manpage_separator
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Overridden methods dlsyms maybe_command
find_tests
init_DIRFILESEP
init_others
init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
special_targets (o)
static_lib (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
clean
init_linker
perl_script
xs_o (o)
pasthru (o)
oneliner (o)
max_exec_len
os_flavor
subdir_x
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Overriden methods dist_test xs_c
xs_cpp
xs_o
clean_subdirs_target
realclean_subdirs_target
os_flavor
AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
How To Write A Makefile.PL Default Makefile Behaviour make test make testdb make install PREFIX and LIB attribute AFS users Static Linking of a new Perl Binary Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations Which architecture dependent directory? Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, test, tool_autosplit Overriding MakeMaker Methods The End Of Cargo Cult Programming <MAN3PODS = ’ ’>> Hintsfile support Distribution Support Module Meta-Data Disabling an extension Other Handy Functions prompt ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT SEE ALSO AUTHORS LICENSE
DESCRIPTION
Philosophy and History Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What’s Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft Module Writing How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What’s this META.yml thing and how did it get in my MANIFEST?! XS How to I prevent object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same directory? PATCHING AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The Mantra The Layout Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, bin/ SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
manifind
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Functions mkmanifest manicheck
filecheck
fullcheck
skipcheck
maniread
manicopy
maniadd
MANIFEST MANIFEST.SKIP EXPORT_OK GLOBAL VARIABLES DIAGNOSTICS Not in MANIFEST: file, Skipping file, No such file: file, MANIFEST: $!, Added to MANIFEST: file ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME AUTHOR REVISION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() EXAMPLE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE EXPORTED SYMBOLS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse EXAMPLES basename, dirname
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Special behaviour if syscopy is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) RETURN NOTES AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES EXPORTS (by request only) BUGS AUTHOR HISTORY SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION find, finddepth
%options wanted, bydepth, preprocess, postprocess, follow, follow_fast, follow_skip, dangling_symlinks, no_chdir, untaint, untaint_pattern, untaint_skip The wanted function $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $_ is the current filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the complete pathname to the file WARNINGS CAVEAT $dont_use_nlink, symlinks NOTES BUGS AND CAVEATS HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION GLOB_ERR, GLOB_LIMIT, GLOB_MARK, GLOB_NOCASE, GLOB_NOCHECK, GLOB_NOSORT, GLOB_BRACE, GLOB_NOMAGIC, GLOB_QUOTE, GLOB_TILDE, GLOB_CSH, GLOB_ALPHASORT DIAGNOSTICS GLOB_NOSPACE, GLOB_ABEND NOTES AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() SEE ALSO AUTHORS
canonpath
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION file_name_is_absolute
tmpdir (override)
canonpath()
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Exports SEE ALSO
catdir()
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
file_name_is_absolute
path
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
abs2rel
rel2abs
AUTHORS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION tmpdir, splitpath
catdir()
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath() catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
no_upwards
case_tolerant
file_name_is_absolute
path
join
splitpath
splitdir
catpath()
abs2rel
rel2abs()
SEE ALSO
fixpath
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION eliminate_macros catdir
Methods always loaded canonpath (override) catfile
curdir (override)
devnull (override)
rootdir (override)
tmpdir (override)
updir (override)
case_tolerant (override)
path (override)
file_name_is_absolute (override)
splitpath (override)
splitdir (override)
catpath (override)
abs2rel (override)
rel2abs (override)
SEE ALSO
tmpdir
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull catfile
canonpath
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers SEE ALSO
filename
PORTABILITY SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OO INTERFACE new DESTROY
tempdir
FUNCTIONS tempfile mkstemps
MKTEMP FUNCTIONS mkstemp mkdtemp
mktemp
tmpfile
POSIX FUNCTIONS tmpnam cmpstat
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS tempnam UTILITY FUNCTIONS unlink0 unlink1
TopSystemUID
PACKAGE VARIABLES safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
WARNING
Temporary files and NFS HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR CAVEATS BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The Problem A Solution Disabling or changing <no> behaviour All-in-one interface Filtering only specific components of source code "code", "executable", "quotelike", "string", "regex", "all" Filtering only the code parts of source code Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the ’code’ component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section. Using Filter::Simple with an explicit import subroutine Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together How it works AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
use Filter::Util::Call import() filter() and anonymous sub $_, $status, filter_read and filter_read_exact, filter_del EXAMPLES
Example 1: A simple filter. Example 2: Using the context Example 3: Using the context within the filter Example 4: Using filter_del Filter::Simple AUTHOR DATE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTABLE VARIABLES KNOWN ISSUES KNOWN BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY BUGS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Command Line Options, an Introduction Getting Started with Getopt::Long
Simple options A little bit less simple options Mixing command line option with other arguments Options with values Options with multiple values Options with hash values User-defined subroutines to handle options Options with multiple names Case and abbreviations Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], : + [ desttype ] Advanced Possibilities
Object oriented interface Thread Safety Documentation and help texts Storing options in a hash Bundling The lonesome dash Argument callback Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) Exportable Methods VersionMessage, -message, -msg, -exitval, -output, HelpMessage Return values and Errors Legacy
Default destinations Alternative option starters Configuration variables Trouble Shooting
GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied GetOptions does not split the command line correctly Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called How do I put a ‘‘-?’’ option into a Getopt::Long? AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION --help and --version
lock_value, unlock_value
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Restricted hashes lock_keys, unlock_keys lock_hash, unlock_hash
hash_seed
CAVEATS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
the function is_language_tag($lang1)
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
the function super_languages($lang1)
the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
ABOUT LOWERCASING ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS ENVIRONMENT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS LIST OF LANGUAGES {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich’in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
EXPORT SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DEPRECATED
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, ’IO::Dir’, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, ’IO::Dir’, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell SEE ALSO HISTORY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH, ID ) SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST KNOWN BUGS SUGGESTED ADDITIONS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST KNOWN BUGS SUGGESTED ADDITIONS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF KNOWN BUGS COPYRIGHT BLATANT PLUG
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric CONVERSION ROUTINES code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) QUERY ROUTINES all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] ), all_country_names( [ CODESET ] ) SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
alias_code rename_country EXAMPLES DOMAIN NAMES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION XTS, XXX CONVERSION ROUTINES code2currency(), currency2code() QUERY ROUTINES all_currency_codes(), all_currency_names() EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVERSION ROUTINES code2language(), language2code() QUERY ROUTINES all_language_codes(), all_language_names() EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW METHODS
Construction Methods The ‘‘maketext’’ Method $lh->fail_with or $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_handler_auto Utility Methods $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() Language Handle Attributes and Internals LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON BRACKET NOTATION AUTO LEXICONS CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE HOW TO USE MAKETEXT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You The Linguistic View Breaking gettext Replacing gettext Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation Buzzword: Isomorphism Buzzword: Inheritance Buzzword: Concision The Devil in the Details The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites References
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric
SPECIAL CODES CONVERSION ROUTINES code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) QUERY ROUTINES all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] ), all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] ) EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str) DIAGNOSTICS Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data EXAMPLES COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str); COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str); COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Canonical notation Output mantissa(), exponent() and parts() Accuracy vs. Precision Rounding ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 ) EXAMPLES Autocreating constants
Math library Using Math::BigInt::Lite BUGS CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow SEE ALSO LICENSE AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Input, Output METHODS
config accuracy precision brsft new bnan bzero binf bone is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf() is_pos()/is_neg() $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0is_odd()/is_even()/is_int() bcmp bacmp sign digit bneg babs bnorm bnot binc bdec badd bsub bmul bdiv bmod bmodinv bmodpow bpow blsft brsft band bior bxor bnot bsqrt bfac round bround bfround bfloor bceil bgcd blcm exponent mantissa parts copy as_int bsstr as_hex as_bin ACCURACY and PRECISION
Precision P Accuracy A Fallback F Rounding mode R ’trunc’, ’even’, ’odd’, ’+inf’, ’-inf’, ’zero’, Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks INTERNALS
MATH LIBRARY SIGN mantissa(), exponent() and parts() EXAMPLES Autocreating constants PERFORMANCE
Alternative math libraries SUBCLASSING Subclassing Math::BigInt UPGRADING
Auto-upgrade bsqrt(), div(), blog() BUGS broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 CAVEATS bstr(), bsstr() and ’cmp’, int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt(), brsft() LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION STORAGE METHODS WRAP YOUR OWN LICENSE This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. AUTHORS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS LICENSE This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. AUTHORS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
MATH LIBRARY METHODS
new() numerator() denominator() $d = $x->denominator();parts() as_number() bfac() blog() bround()/round()/bfround() bmod() is_one() is_zero() is_positive() is_negative() is_int() is_odd() is_even() bceil() bfloor() $x->bfloor();bsqrt() $x->bsqrt();config BUGS inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(), blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial) LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPERATIONS CREATION STRINGIFICATION
CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 USAGE ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS BUGS AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS tan
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS EXAMPLES
CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS BUGS AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DETAILS OPTIONS
INSTALL NORMALIZER SCALAR_CACHE, LIST_CACHE MEMORY, HASH, TIE, FAULT, MERGE OTHER FACILITIES
unmemoize flush_cache CAVEATS PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT EXPIRATION SUPPORT BUGS MAILING LIST AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE THANK YOU
DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION INTERFACE ALTERNATIVES CAVEATS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
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DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS
ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ‘‘...’’ at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Enforcing redispatch Avoiding repetitions Invoking all versions of a method with a single call Using EVERY methods AUTHOR BUGS AND IRRITATIONS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USER METHODS debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend () CLASS METHODS debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () EXPORTS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSYS DESCRIPTION METHODS requires_firewall HOST NetConfig VALUES nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain () AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW CONSTRUCTOR new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
Methods for the adventurous quot (CMD [,ARGS]) THE dataconn CLASS read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close () UNIMPLEMENTED SMNT, HELP, MODE, SYST, STAT, STRU, REIN REPORTING BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO USE EXAMPLES http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/ CREDITS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) METHODS article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
Extension methods newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader UNSUPPORTED DEFINITIONS MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, [^]-], *bdc, [0-9a-zA-Z], a??d SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0 METHODS auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); NOTES INSTALL BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) METHODS banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit () ADDRESSES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]) AUTHOR COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR
DESCRIPTION
Where to get this document How to contribute to this document Author and Copyright Information
Disclaimer Obtaining and installing libnet
What is libnet ? Which version of perl do I need ? What other modules do I need ? What machines support libnet ? Where can I get the latest libnet release Using Net::FTP
How do I download files from an FTP server ? How do I transfer files in binary mode ? How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ? How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ? How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ? Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ? How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ? Changing directory to ‘‘’’ does not fail ? I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ? I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ? My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21 Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ? I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ? Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods Using Net::SMTP
Why can’t the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ? Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ? The verify method always returns true ? Debugging scripts
How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION THE .netrc FILE machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name CONSTRUCTOR lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ]) METHODS login (), password (), account (), lpa () AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS
odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ‘‘...’’ at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE WARNING Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) Manipulating Opsets TO DO (maybe) Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous SEE ALSO AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING
RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE CAVEATS FUNCTIONS _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write CLASSES
POSIX::SigAction new, handler, mask, flags, safe POSIX::SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants POSIX CONSTANTS Constants SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants ERRNO Constants FCNTL Constants FLOAT Constants LIMITS Constants LOCALE Constants MATH Constants SIGNAL Constants STAT Constants, Macros STDLIB Constants STDIO Constants TIME Constants UNISTD Constants WAIT Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
Custom Layers :encoding, :via Alternatives to raw Defaults and how to override them Querying the layers of filehandles AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPECTED METHODS $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) EXAMPLES
Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REQUIRED MODULES SEE ALSO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COPYRIGHT
Pod::Checker->new( %options )
SYNOPSIS OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
podchecker() -warnings => val DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS
Errors empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin’s, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command "CMD, Unknown interior-sequence SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back Warnings multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped <> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headn without preceding higher level Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in ’$page’ deprecated, alternative text/node ’%s’ contains non-escaped | or / RETURN VALUE EXAMPLES INTERFACE $checker->poderror( @args ), $checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )
$checker->num_errors()
$checker->num_warnings()
$checker->name()
$checker->node()
$checker->idx()
$checker->hyperlink()
AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION pod_find( { %opts } , @directories ) -verbose => 1, -perl => 1, -script => 1, -inc => 1 simplify_name( $str ) pod_where( { %opts }, $pod ) -inc => 1, -dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ], -verbose => 1 contains_pod( $file , $verbose ) AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ARGUMENTS backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose EXAMPLE ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree Pod::InputSource new() name() handle() was_cutting() Pod::Paragraph Pod::Paragraph->new() $pod_para->cmd_name() $pod_para->text() $pod_para->raw_text() $pod_para->cmd_prefix() $pod_para->cmd_separator() $pod_para->parse_tree() $pod_para->file_line() Pod::InteriorSequence Pod::InteriorSequence->new() $pod_seq->cmd_name() $pod_seq->prepend() $pod_seq->append() $pod_seq->nested() $pod_seq->raw_text() $pod_seq->left_delimiter() $pod_seq->right_delimiter() $pod_seq->parse_tree() $pod_seq->file_line() Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY() Pod::ParseTree Pod::ParseTree->new() $ptree->top() $ptree->children() $ptree->prepend() $ptree->append() $ptree->raw_text() Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY() SEE ALSO AUTHOR
AddPostamble
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT METHODS initialize Data Accessors AddPreamble Head1Level
Label
LevelNoNum
MakeIndex
ReplaceNAMEwithSection
StartWithNewPage
TableOfContents
UniqueLabels
UserPreamble
UserPostamble
Lists
begin_pod
Subclassed methods end_pod
command
verbatim
textblock
interior_sequence
end_list
List Methods begin_list add_item
_replace_special_chars
Methods for headings head Internal methods _output _replace_special_chars_late
_create_label
_create_index
_clean_latex_commands
_split_delimited
NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT REVISION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not %s, Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification %s, %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back BUGS CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
$list->file()
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Pod::List Pod::List->new() $list->start()
$list->indent()
$list->type()
$list->rx()
$list->item()
$list->parent()
$list->tag()
$link->parse($string)
Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink->new() $link->markup($string)
$link->text()
$link->warning()
$link->file(), $link->line()
$link->page()
$link->node()
$link->alttext()
$link->type()
$link->link()
$cache->item()
Pod::Cache Pod::Cache->new() $cache->find_page($name)
$cacheitem->page()
Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item->new() $cacheitem->description()
$cacheitem->path()
$cacheitem->file()
$cacheitem->nodes()
$cacheitem->find_node($name)
$cacheitem->idx()
AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW PARSING OPTIONS -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset) RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES command() $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para verbatim() $text, $line_num, $pod_para textblock() $text, $line_num, $pod_para interior_sequence() OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES new() initialize() begin_pod() begin_input() end_input() end_pod() preprocess_line() preprocess_paragraph() METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING parse_text() -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-name interpolate() parse_paragraph() parse_from_filehandle() parse_from_file() ACCESSOR METHODS errorsub() cutting() parseopts() output_file() output_handle() input_file() input_handle() input_streams() top_stream() PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA _push_input_stream() _pop_input_stream() TREE-BASED PARSING SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can’t open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION SECTION SPECIFICATIONS RANGE SPECIFICATIONS OBJECT METHODS curr_headings() select() add_selection() clear_selections() match_section() is_selected() EXPORTED FUNCTIONS podselect() -output, -sections, -ranges PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA _compile_section_spec() $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can’t open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification %s, %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS ARGUMENTS -message, -msg, -exitval, -verbose, -output, -input, -pathlist DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Recommended Use CAVEATS AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR DIAGNOSTICS
sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ‘‘...’’ at ... BUGS AND WARNINGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING
RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF KNOWN BUGS COPYRIGHT BLATANT PLUG
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The __DATA__ token SelfLoader autoloading Autoloading and package lexicals SelfLoader and AutoLoader __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. Classes and inherited methods. Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Caveats Escaping Magic Characters Configuration BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MEMORY STORE ADVISORY LOCKING SPEED CANONICAL REPRESENTATION CODE REFERENCES FORWARD COMPATIBILITY utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable ERROR REPORTING WIZARDS ONLY
Hooks STORABLE_freeze obj, cloning, STORABLE_thaw obj, cloning, serialized, .. Predicates Storable::last_op_in_netorder, Storable::is_storing, Storable::is_retrieving Recursion Deep Cloning Storable magic EXAMPLES WARNING BUGS
64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 CREDITS AUTHOR SEE ALSO
VERSION SYNOPSIS BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION
Allowing fall-through Automating fall-through Alternative syntax Higher-order Operations DEPENDENCIES AUTHOR BUGS LIMITATIONS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword %s not allowed while strict subs in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name %s used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s ENVIRONMENT ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Tgetent, OSPEED, TERM
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
METHODS Tpad, $string, $cnt, $FH
Tputs, $cap, $cnt, $FH
Tgoto, $cap, $col, $row, $FH
Trequire
EXAMPLES COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs> DIAGNOSTICS BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Minimal set of supported functions ReadLine, new, readline, addhistory, IN, OUT, MinLine, findConsole, Attribs, Features Additional supported functions tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY EXPORTS ENVIRONMENT CAVEATS
_to_value
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION QUICK START GUIDE
Functions plan(...), tests => number, todo => [1,5,14], onfail => sub { ... }, onfail => \&some_sub ok(...)
skip(skip_if_true, args...)
TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS ONFAIL BUGS and CAVEATS ENVIRONMENT NOTE SEE ALSO AUTHOR
plan
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Construction new Setting up tests exported_to expected_tests
no_plan
has_plan
skip_all
is_eq, is_num
Running tests ok isnt_eq, isnt_num
like, unlike
maybe_regex
cmp_ok
BAILOUT
skip
todo_skip
skip_rest
use_numbers
Test style level no_header, no_ending
_print
Output diag output, failure_output, todo_output
summary
Test Status and Info current_test details
todo
caller
_sanity_check
_whoa
_my_exit
THREADS EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
_all_ok
VERSION SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
The test script output ’1..M’, ’ok’, ’not ok’. Ok?, test numbers, test names, Skipping tests, Todo tests, Bail out!, Comments, Anything else Taint mode Configuration variables. $Test::Harness::Verbose, $Test::Harness::switches Failure Failed Test, Stat, Wstat, Total, Fail, Failed, List of Failed Functions runtests _globdir
_run_all_tests
_mk_leader
_leader_width
EXPORT DIAGNOSTICS All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s, FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay., Test returned status %d (wstat %d), Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s, Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s, FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s ENVIRONMENT HARNESS_ACTIVE, HARNESS_COLUMNS, HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST, HARNESS_DEBUG, HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR, HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE, HARNESS_NOTTY, HARNESS_OK_SLOW, HARNESS_PERL, HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES, HARNESS_VERBOSE EXAMPLE SEE ALSO AUTHORS LICENSE TODO BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS
assert() AUTHOR SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
new() next()
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Construction
new _init Analysis
analyze analyze_fh analyze_file _command_line( $file ) _command _switches _cleaned_switches _INC2PERL5LIB _filtered_INC _restore_PERL5LIB Parsing
_is_comment _is_header _is_test _is_bail_out _reset_file_state Results
_detailize EXAMPLES AUTHOR SEE ALSO
is, isnt
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
I love it when a plan comes together Test names I’m ok, you’re not ok. ok like
unlike
cmp_ok
can_ok
isa_ok
pass, fail
require_ok
Diagnostics diag Module tests use_ok TODO: BLOCK, todo_skip
Conditional tests SKIP: BLOCK When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
eq_array
Comparison functions is_deeply eq_hash
eq_set
Extending and Embedding Test::More builder NOTES BUGS and CAVEATS Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ok EXAMPLE CAVEATS NOTES HISTORY SEE ALSO Test::More, Test, Test::Unit, Test::Inline, SelfTest, Test::Harness AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
DESCRIPTION
Nuts and bolts of testing. Where to start? Names Test the manual Sometimes the tests are wrong Testing lots of values Informative names Skipping tests Todo tests Testing with taint mode. FOOTNOTES AUTHORS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
General behaviour in list contexts [0], [1], [2] General behaviour in scalar and void contexts A note about prefixes extract_delimited extract_bracketed extract_variable [0], [1], [2] extract_tagged reject => $listref, ignore => $listref, fail => $str, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] gen_extract_tagged extract_quotelike [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] extract_quotelike and ‘‘here documents’’ [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10] extract_codeblock extract_multiple gen_delimited_pat DIAGNOSTICS AUTHOR BUGS AND IRRITATIONS COPYRIGHT
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES AUTHORS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES LIMITATIONS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERRIDES EXAMPLE AUTHOR
CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST CAVEATS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
recsep autochomp mode memory dw_size Option Format Public Methods
flock autochomp defer, flush, discard, and autodefer offset Tying to an already-opened filehandle Deferred Writing
Autodeferring CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES CAVEATS SUBCLASSING WHAT ABOUT DB_File? AUTHOR LICENSE WARRANTY THANKS TODO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION COMPATIBILITY
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, SCALAR this Inheriting from Tie::StdHash Inheriting from Tie::ExtraHash SCALAR, UNTIE and DESTROY MORE INFORMATION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Inheriting from Tie::Memoize EXAMPLE BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ) EXAMPLES C API DIAGNOSTICS
negative time not invented yet internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) CAVEATS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Ambiguous Local Times (DST) Non-Existent Local Times (DST) Negative Epoch Values IMPLEMENTATION BUGS SUPPORT AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), TYPE, $obj, CLASS, VAL, $obj->can( METHOD ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ) EXPORTS
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Constructor and Tailoring UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower, variable, alternate Methods for Collation @sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted), $result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b), $result = $Collator->eq($a, $b), $result = $Collator->ne($a, $b), $result = $Collator->lt($a, $b), $result = $Collator->le($a, $b), $result = $Collator->gt($a, $b), $result = $Collator->ge($a, $b), $sortKey = $Collator->getSortKey($string), $sortKeyForm = $Collator->viewSortKey($string) Methods for Searching $position = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position]), ($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position]), $match_ref = $Collator->match($string, $substring), ($match) = $Collator->match($string, $substring), @match = $Collator->gmatch($string, $substring), $count = $Collator->subst($string, $substring, $replacement), $count = $Collator->gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement) Other Methods %old_tailoring = $Collator->change(%new_tailoring), $version = $Collator->version(), UCA_Version(), Base_Unicode_Version() EXPORT CAVEAT Conformance Test AUTHOR SEE ALSO Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, Unicode::Normalize
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Normalization Forms $NFD_string = NFD($string), $NFC_string = NFC($string), $NFKD_string = NFKD($string), $NFKC_string = NFKC($string), $FCD_string = FCD($string), $FCC_string = FCC($string), $normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string) Decomposition and Composition $decomposed_string = decompose($string), $decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping), $reordered_string = reorder($string), $composed_string = compose($string) Quick Check $result = checkNFD($string), $result = checkNFC($string), $result = checkNFKD($string), $result = checkNFKC($string), $result = checkFCD($string), $result = checkFCC($string), $result = check($form_name, $string) Character Data $canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint), $compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint), $codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next), $combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint), $is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint), $is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint), $is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint), $may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint) EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION charinfo charblock charscript charblocks charscripts Blocks versus Scripts Matching Scripts and Blocks Code Point Arguments charinrange compexcl casefold casespec Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion Implementation Note BUGS AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
System Specifics NOTE AUTHOR HISTORY March 18th, 2000
SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION
Migration from DynaLoader Backward compatible boilerplate Order of initialization: early load()
The most hairy case LIMITATIONS AUTHOR
Here should be listed all the extra programs’ documentation, but they don’t all have manual pages yet:
a2p c2ph dprofpp h2ph h2xs perlbug perldoc pl2pm pod2html pod2man s2p splain xsubpp
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
| perl v5.8.5 | PERLTOC (1) | 2004-04-23 |